A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about the respiratory system changes that occur with aging. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).
“Your respiratory muscle strength may decrease as you age.”.
“Your lung tissue may become less elastic and more rigid over time.”.
“Your cough reflex and gag reflex may become weaker with age.”.
“Your vital capacity may increase and your residual volume may decrease as you age.”.
“Your ciliary action and mucus production may decrease with age.”.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
The correct answer is A, B, C, and E. These statements reflect the respiratory system changes that occur with aging, such as decreased respiratory muscle strength, decreased lung elasticity and recoil, decreased cough and gag reflexes, and decreased ciliary action and mucus production.
These changes can impair gas exchange, increase the risk of infections, and reduce exercise capacity.
Choice D is wrong because it states the opposite of what happens with aging.
Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.
Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum exhalation. With aging, vital capacity decreases and residual volume increases due to the loss of lung elasticity and airway closure.
This reduces the amount of fresh air that can enter the lungs and increases the amount of stale air that remains in the lungs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
“You should apply moisturizer to your skin after bathing.” This statement is based on the fact that dry skin is a common problem among older adults, especially in cold or dry weather.Applying moisturizer after bathing can help to lock in the moisture and prevent further water loss from the skin.
Choice A is wrong because drinking more water may not be enough to hydrate the skin if the skin barrier is impaired or damaged.Drinking water is important for overall health, but it does not directly affect the moisture content of the skin.
Choice B is wrong because avoiding soap and hot water when bathing may not be sufficient to prevent dry skin.
Soap can strip the natural oils from the skin, but so can hot water.It is recommended to use mild, non-soap cleansers and warm water instead of hot water when bathing.
Choice C is wrong because wearing layers of clothing to keep warm may not address the underlying cause of feeling cold.Older adults may feel cold more than usual due to various factors, such as thinning of the skin, decreased blood circulation, reduced muscle mass, or hormonal changes.
Wearing layers of clothing may help to maintain body temperature, but it does not treat the cause of feeling cold.
Normal ranges for skin moisture and body temperature vary depending on individual factors, such as age, health status, environment, and activity level.
However, some general guidelines are:.
• Skin moisture: The skin should feel soft and smooth, not rough or scaly.
The skin should not have cracks, flakes, or redness.The skin should have a normal color, not pale or grayish.
• Body temperature: The normal body temperature for adults is around 98.6°F (37°C), but it can vary slightly depending on the time of day, activity level, and other factors.A body temperature below 95°F (35°C) is considered hypothermia and requires immediate medical attention.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is A.“I may notice my hair becoming thinner and grayer as I age.” This statement reflects the common changes in hair that occur with aging, such as reduced melanin production, slower growth rate, and smaller hair strands.
Choice B is wrong because nails do not grow faster and stronger with age, but rather more slowly and may become dull and brittle.
Choice C is wrong because hair does not become more oily and curly with age, but rather drier and finer.
Choice D is wrong because nails do not become smoother and shinier with age, but rather yellowed and opaque.
Normal ranges for hair and nail growth vary depending on factors such as genetics, nutrition, health conditions, and environmental exposure.
However, some general estimates are:.
• Fingernails grow about 3 mm per month and toenails grow about 1 mm per month.
• Hair grows about 0.5 inches per month and loses about 50 to 100 strands per day.
• Hair color changes from about 30% gray at age 50 to about 50% gray at age 70.
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