A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has dry skin and complains of feeling cold.
Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
“You should drink more water to hydrate your skin.”.
“You should avoid using soap and hot water when bathing.”.
“You should wear layers of clothing to keep warm.”.
“You should apply moisturizer to your skin after bathing.”.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is D.
“You should apply moisturizer to your skin after bathing.” This statement is based on the fact that dry skin is a common problem among older adults, especially in cold or dry weather. Applying moisturizer after bathing can help to lock in the moisture and prevent further water loss from the skin .
Choice A is wrong because drinking more water may not be enough to hydrate the skin if the skin barrier is impaired or damaged. Drinking water is important for overall health, but it does not directly affect the moisture content of the skin .
Choice B is wrong because avoiding soap and hot water when bathing may not be sufficient to prevent dry skin.
Soap can strip the natural oils from the skin, but so can hot water. It is recommended to use mild, non-soap cleansers and warm water instead of hot water when bathing .
Choice C is wrong because wearing layers of clothing to keep warm may not address the underlying cause of feeling cold. Older adults may feel cold more than usual due to various factors, such as thinning of the skin, decreased blood circulation, reduced muscle mass, or hormonal changes .
Wearing layers of clothing may help to maintain body temperature, but it does not treat the cause of feeling cold.
Normal ranges for skin moisture and body temperature vary depending on individual factors, such as age, health status, environment, and activity level.
However, some general guidelines are:.
• Skin moisture: The skin should feel soft and smooth, not rough or scaly.
The skin should not have cracks, flakes, or redness. The skin should have a normal color, not pale or grayish .
• Body temperature: The normal body temperature for adults is around 98.6°F (37°C), but it can vary slightly depending on the time of day, activity level, and other factors. A body temperature below 95°F (35°C) is considered hypothermia and requires immediate medical attention .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
“I need to eat more foods that are rich in these nutrients.” This statement indicates that the client understands that low levels of iron, calcium and vitamin B12 can be caused by inadequate dietary intake of these nutrients.Iron, calcium and vitamin B12 are mainly found in animal-based foods, such as meat, eggs, milk and cheese.A diet lacking in these foods can lead to vitamin deficiency anemia, which is a condition where the body produces fewer and larger red blood cells that cannot carry enough oxygen.
Choice B is wrong because supplements may not be necessary or sufficient to correct these deficiencies.
Supplements can also interact with other medications or have side effects.The client should consult with their healthcare provider before taking any supplements.
Choice C is wrong because gastric acid inhibitors can actually worsen vitamin B12 deficiency.
Gastric acid inhibitors are medications that reduce the amount of stomach acid produced.However, stomach acid is needed to release vitamin B12 from food and to help it bind to a protein called intrinsic factor, which is essential for its absorption in the intestines.
Therefore, taking gastric acid inhibitors can impair vitamin B12 absorption and lead to deficiency.
Choice D is wrong because reducing dairy consumption can further lower calcium intake.
Dairy products are a good source of calcium, which is a mineral that helps build and maintain strong bones and teeth.Calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, which is a condition where the bones become weak and brittle.
Normal ranges for iron, calcium and vitamin B12 in the blood are:.
• Iron: 50 to 170 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL) for men; 40 to 150 mcg/dL for women.
• Calcium: 8.5 to 10.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
• Vitamin B12: 200 to 900 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer isD.
Decreased perspiration.This is because the sweat glands become less active with aging, resulting in reduced sweating and dryness of the skin.Decreased perspiration can also affect the body’s ability to regulate its temperature and may cause heat intolerance.
Choice A is wrong becauseincreased skin vascularityis not a normal age-related change in the integumentary system.In fact, the blood vessels in the skin become thinner and less elastic, resulting in decreased perfusion and a paler skin tone.
Choice B is wrong becausedecreased skin fragilityis not a normal age-related change in the integumentary system.On the contrary, the skin becomes thinner, less elastic, and more prone to splitting, cracking, and infections due to reduced collagen and elastin production, decreased mitosis in the epidermis, and lowered immunity.
Choice C is wrong becauseincreased sebaceous gland activityis not a normal age-related change in the integumentary system.Rather, the sebaceous glands produce less sebum, which contributes to the dryness and loss of moisture in the skin.
Normal ranges for some of the parameters related to the integumentary system are:.
• Skin thickness: varies depending on body location, but generally ranges from 0.5 mm to 4 mm.
• Skin elasticity: measured by the Cutometer device, which uses negative pressure to lift the skin and calculate its elasticity.
A higher value indicates more elastic skin.The average elasticity value for young adults is 0.82, while for older adults it is 0.57.
• Skin moisture: measured by the Corneometer device, which uses electrical capacitance to assess the hydration level of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the skin).
A higher value indicates more hydrated skin.The average moisture value for young adults is 62.8, while for older adults it is 51.3.
• Perspiration: measured by the Evaporimeter device, which uses a humidity sensor to detect the amount of water vapor lost from the skin surface.
A higher value indicates more perspiration.The average perspiration value for young adults is 13.9 g/m2/h, while for older adults it is 9.8 g/m2/h.
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