A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is 80 years old.The nurse notes that the client has low levels of iron, calcium and vitamin B12. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of this finding?
“I need to eat more foods that are rich in these nutrients.”.
“I need to take supplements to correct these deficiencies.”.
“I need to increase my intake of gastric acid inhibitors.”.
“I need to reduce my consumption of dairy products.”.
The Correct Answer is A
The correct answer is A.
“I need to eat more foods that are rich in these nutrients.” This statement indicates that the client understands that low levels of iron, calcium and vitamin B12 can be caused by inadequate dietary intake of these nutrients. Iron, calcium and vitamin B12 are mainly found in animal-based foods, such as meat, eggs, milk and cheese. A diet lacking in these foods can lead to vitamin deficiency anemia, which is a condition where the body produces fewer and larger red blood cells that cannot carry enough oxygen.
Choice B is wrong because supplements may not be necessary or sufficient to correct these deficiencies.
Supplements can also interact with other medications or have side effects. The client should consult with their healthcare provider before taking any supplements.
Choice C is wrong because gastric acid inhibitors can actually worsen vitamin B12 deficiency.
Gastric acid inhibitors are medications that reduce the amount of stomach acid produced. However, stomach acid is needed to release vitamin B12 from food and to help it bind to a protein called intrinsic factor, which is essential for its absorption in the intestines.
Therefore, taking gastric acid inhibitors can impair vitamin B12 absorption and lead to deficiency.
Choice D is wrong because reducing dairy consumption can further lower calcium intake.
Dairy products are a good source of calcium, which is a mineral that helps build and maintain strong bones and teeth. Calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, which is a condition where the bones become weak and brittle.
Normal ranges for iron, calcium and vitamin B12 in the blood are:.
• Iron: 50 to 170 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL) for men; 40 to 150 mcg/dL for women.
• Calcium: 8.5 to 10.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
• Vitamin B12: 200 to 900 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
Increased anteroposterior diameter.
This is a normal age-related change in the thorax that results from changes in the bones and muscles of the chest and spine.The ribcage becomes less flexible and more rounded, which increases the front-to-back dimension of the chest.
This can affect the lung function and breathing capacity of older adults.
Choice B is wrong because decreased kyphosis means reduced curvature of the spine, which is not a normal age-related change.In fact, kyphosis tends to increase with aging due to osteoporosis and vertebral compression fractures.
Choice C is wrong because increased lung expansion means greater ability to fill the lungs with air, which is not a normal age-related change.In fact, lung expansion tends to decrease with aging due to loss of elasticity and shape of the air sacs (alveoli) and weakening of the respiratory muscles.
Choice D is wrong because decreased calcification means reduced deposition of calcium in the tissues, which is not a normal age-related change.In fact, calcification tends to increase with aging, especially in the costal cartilages that connect the ribs to the sternum.
This can make the chest wall more rigid and less compliant.
Normal ranges for anteroposterior diameter vary depending on age, sex, height and weight, but generally it should be less than the transverse diameter (the side-to-side dimension of the chest).
A ratio of anteroposterior to transverse diameter greater than 0.9 is considered abnormal and may indicate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
Decreased liver function.Older adults are at increased risk for adverse drug reactions due to various physiological changes that affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs.One of these changes is the reduction in liver blood flow, size, drug-metabolizing enzyme content and function.This can result in slower or decreased metabolism of drugs, leading to higher plasma concentrations and increased risk of toxicity.
Choice A is wrong because older adults have decreased renal clearance, not increased.This means that drugs that are eliminated by the kidneys may accumulate in the body and cause adverse effects.
Choice B is wrong because older adults have decreased plasma protein levels, not increased.This means that drugs that are bound to plasma proteins may have higher free fractions and increased pharmacological effects.
Choice D is wrong because older adults have increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, not decreased.This means that drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier may have enhanced central nervous system effects in older adults.
Normal ranges for liver function tests vary depending on the laboratory and the method used, but some common values are:.
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 7-55 U/L.
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 8-48 U/L.
• Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 45-115 U/L.
• Total bilirubin: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL.
• Albumin: 3.5-5 g/dL.
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