A nurse is assessing the skin of an older adult client. Which of the following findings is a normal age-related change in the integumentary system?

Increased skin vascularity.

Decreased skin fragility.

Increased sebaceous gland activity.

Decreased perspiration.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The correct answer is D.

Decreased perspiration. This is because the sweat glands become less active with aging, resulting in reduced sweating and dryness of the skin. Decreased perspiration can also affect the body’s ability to regulate its temperature and may cause heat intolerance.

Choice A is wrong because increased skin vascularity is not a normal age-related change in the integumentary system. In fact, the blood vessels in the skin become thinner and less elastic, resulting in decreased perfusion and a paler skin tone.

Choice B is wrong because decreased skin fragility is not a normal age-related change in the integumentary system. On the contrary, the skin becomes thinner, less elastic, and more prone to splitting, cracking, and infections due to reduced collagen and elastin production, decreased mitosis in the epidermis, and lowered immunity.

Choice C is wrong because increased sebaceous gland activity is not a normal age-related change in the integumentary system. Rather, the sebaceous glands produce less sebum, which contributes to the dryness and loss of moisture in the skin.

Normal ranges for some of the parameters related to the integumentary system are:.

• Skin thickness: varies depending on body location, but generally ranges from 0.5 mm to 4 mm.

• Skin elasticity: measured by the Cutometer device, which uses negative pressure to lift the skin and calculate its elasticity.

A higher value indicates more elastic skin. The average elasticity value for young adults is 0.82, while for older adults it is 0.57.

• Skin moisture: measured by the Corneometer device, which uses electrical capacitance to assess the hydration level of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the skin).

A higher value indicates more hydrated skin. The average moisture value for young adults is 62.8, while for older adults it is 51.3.

• Perspiration: measured by the Evaporimeter device, which uses a humidity sensor to detect the amount of water vapor lost from the skin surface.

A higher value indicates more perspiration. The average perspiration value for young adults is 13.9 g/m2/h, while for older adults it is 9.8 g/m2/h.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is D.

“You should apply moisturizer to your skin after bathing.” This statement is based on the fact that dry skin is a common problem among older adults, especially in cold or dry weather.Applying moisturizer after bathing can help to lock in the moisture and prevent further water loss from the skin.

Choice A is wrong because drinking more water may not be enough to hydrate the skin if the skin barrier is impaired or damaged.Drinking water is important for overall health, but it does not directly affect the moisture content of the skin.

Choice B is wrong because avoiding soap and hot water when bathing may not be sufficient to prevent dry skin.

Soap can strip the natural oils from the skin, but so can hot water.It is recommended to use mild, non-soap cleansers and warm water instead of hot water when bathing.

Choice C is wrong because wearing layers of clothing to keep warm may not address the underlying cause of feeling cold.Older adults may feel cold more than usual due to various factors, such as thinning of the skin, decreased blood circulation, reduced muscle mass, or hormonal changes.

Wearing layers of clothing may help to maintain body temperature, but it does not treat the cause of feeling cold.

Normal ranges for skin moisture and body temperature vary depending on individual factors, such as age, health status, environment, and activity level.

However, some general guidelines are:.

• Skin moisture: The skin should feel soft and smooth, not rough or scaly.

The skin should not have cracks, flakes, or redness.The skin should have a normal color, not pale or grayish.

• Body temperature: The normal body temperature for adults is around 98.6°F (37°C), but it can vary slightly depending on the time of day, activity level, and other factors.A body temperature below 95°F (35°C) is considered hypothermia and requires immediate medical attention.

A. “Your respiratory muscle strength may decrease as you age.”. B. “Your lung tissue may become less elastic and more rigid over time.”. C. “Your cough reflex and gag reflex may become weaker with age.”. D. “Your vital capacity may increase and your residual volume may decrease as you age.”. E. “Your ciliary action and mucus production may decrease with age.”.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

The correct answer is A, B, C, and E.These statements reflect the respiratory system changes that occur with aging, such as decreased respiratory muscle strength, decreased lung elasticity and recoil, decreased cough and gag reflexes, and decreased ciliary action and mucus production.

These changes can impair gas exchange, increase the risk of infections, and reduce exercise capacity.

Choice D is wrong because it states the opposite of what happens with aging.

Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.

Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum exhalation.With aging, vital capacity decreases and residual volume increases due to the loss of lung elasticity and airway closure.

This reduces the amount of fresh air that can enter the lungs and increases the amount of stale air that remains in the lungs.

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A nurse is assessing the skin of an older adult client. Which of the following findings is a normal age-related change in the integumentary system?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has dry skin and complains of feeling cold. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about the respiratory system changes that occur with aging. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

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