A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Schedule rest periods during the day."

"Soak in a hot bath."

"Perform aerobic activities three times per week."

"Have your partner complete activities of daily living for you."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:
A. "Schedule rest periods during the day.": Fatigue is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis. Scheduling rest periods helps conserve energy, prevent exacerbation of symptoms, and improve overall functioning without overtaxing the client.

B. "Soak in a hot bath.": Heat can worsen multiple sclerosis symptoms by temporarily increasing nerve conduction delays. Hot baths may trigger fatigue or weakness and are generally discouraged.

C. "Perform aerobic activities three times per week.": While gentle exercise is beneficial, intense aerobic activity can exacerbate fatigue and heat sensitivity in clients with multiple sclerosis. Exercise should be balanced with rest periods.

D. "Have your partner complete activities of daily living for you.": Encouraging total dependence can reduce independence and self-efficacy. Clients should perform activities within their capacity to maintain function while pacing themselves appropriately.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Prepare an IV bolus of dextrose 5% in water: Administering dextrose does not reverse magnesium sulfate toxicity. Dextrose primarily provides energy and fluid but has no effect on magnesium levels or neuromuscular function.

B. Administer methylergonovine IM: Methylergonovine is used to treat postpartum hemorrhage by promoting uterine contractions. It does not counteract magnesium toxicity and is unrelated to this emergency situation.

C. Administer calcium gluconate IV: Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity. It works by antagonizing magnesium at neuromuscular junctions, reversing respiratory depression, hypotonia, and loss of deep tendon reflexes associated with toxicity.

D. Position the client supine: While client positioning may assist with comfort or circulation, supine positioning does not treat magnesium sulfate toxicity. The priority is administering the antidote to prevent further complications such as respiratory arrest.

A. Zolpidem B. Ipratropium C. Clopidogrel D. Penicillin

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Zolpidem: Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic used for insomnia and does not have known interactions with saw palmetto. It primarily affects the central nervous system and does not influence platelet activity or coagulation pathways.

B. Ipratropium: Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator used for respiratory conditions such as COPD and asthma. It does not interact with saw palmetto, as the herb mainly affects hormonal and coagulation pathways rather than respiratory medications.

C. Clopidogrel: Saw palmetto can potentiate the effects of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications like clopidogrel, increasing the risk of bleeding. The herb exhibits mild antiplatelet activity, which can lead to additive effects and potential hemorrhagic complications when combined with platelet inhibitors.

D. Penicillin: Penicillin is an antibiotic with no pharmacologic interaction with saw palmetto. The herb does not interfere with antibacterial mechanisms or alter antibiotic metabolism, making concurrent use safe from an interaction standpoint.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has severe preeclampsia and is receiving magnesium sulfate intravenously. The nurse discontinues the magnesium sulfate after the client displays toxicity. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the medication administration record of a client who has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The client asks the nurse about taking saw palmetto. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following medications interacts adversely with saw palmetto?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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