A nurse is teaching a client about the seven warning signs of cancer. Which of the following signs should the nurse include as manifestations of cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason : Implementing seizure precautions is necessary for a child with bacterial meningitis due to the increased risk of seizures associated with the condition.

Choice B reason : Placing the client in a semi-Fowler's position can help reduce intracranial pressure and facilitate breathing, which is beneficial for a child with meningitis.

Choice C reason : Admitting the client to a private room is important to prevent the spread of infection and provide a quiet environment to reduce the risk of seizures and other complications.

Choice D reason : Measuring head circumference every shift is not typically necessary for a 6-year-old child with bacterial meningitis. This intervention is more relevant for infants whose skull bones have not yet fused.

Choice A reason : In multiple myeloma, the white blood cell count (WBC) is not typically elevated. Multiple myeloma primarily affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell, but it does not usually result in an increased WBC count. Instead, the disease is characterized by the presence of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, which can crowd out healthy blood cells¹.

Choice B reason : Patients with multiple myeloma often have elevated calcium levels, a condition known as hypercalcemia. This occurs because the cancerous plasma cells produce substances that cause bones to break down at a rate faster than they are made, releasing calcium into the bloodstream. Symptoms of hypercalcemia can include fatigue, weakness, confusion, and increased thirst and urination¹².

Choice C reason : The absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is not typically increased in multiple myeloma. ANC is a measure of the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell important for fighting infections. While multiple myeloma can affect overall bone marrow function, it does not specifically cause an increase in ANC.

Choice D reason : Platelet counts are not typically elevated in multiple myeloma. In fact, patients may experience thrombocytopenia, or a low platelet count, due to the overproduction of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, which can interfere with the production of platelets¹.