A nurse is teaching a class about the use of pain medications for clients who have an opioid addiction. Which of the following medications are a nonopioid analgesic? (Select All that Apply)

A. Continue to talk to the client as if they are awake: Even though the client is unresponsive, hearing can be the last sense to diminish as death approaches. Speaking to the client in a calm and reassuring manner can provide comfort and a sense of presence, even if the client cannot respond verbally.

B. Limit the client's visitors to one at a time: While it's important to manage visitors to prevent overwhelming the client, limiting them to one at a time may not be necessary if the client's condition allows for multiple visitors and the client's wishes or cultural preferences support it.

C. Avoid touching the client: Touch can be a powerful form of communication and comfort, even for an unresponsive client. Gentle touch can convey warmth and support to both the client and their family members.

D. Whisper when talking in the client's room: Whispering may create a sense of unease or anxiety for the client or their family members. Speaking in a calm and soothing voice at a normal volume is more appropriate and can help create a peaceful environment for the client's end-of-life care.

A) Bright light: Exposure to bright light, especially in the evening or at night, can interfere with the body's production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. Bright light exposure can disrupt circadian rhythms, making it more challenging to fall asleep and stay asleep.

B) Drinking caffeinated beverages in the evening: Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with sleep by blocking the effects of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that promotes sleepiness. Consuming caffeinated beverages in the evening can delay the onset of sleep and reduce overall sleep duration.

C) A 20-minute nap during the day: While short naps can be beneficial for some individuals, especially if they are sleep-deprived, napping for too long or too late in the day can disrupt the body's natural sleep-wake cycle. Short naps can be refreshing, but longer or late-day naps can make it harder to fall asleep at night.

D) Emotional stress: Stress and anxiety can trigger the body's "fight or flight" response, leading to increased alertness and difficulty relaxing or falling asleep. Chronic stress can disrupt the sleep-wake cycle, leading to difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep and resulting in poor sleep quality.

E) A regular bedtime schedule: Having a consistent bedtime schedule can actually help regulate the sleep-wake cycle by reinforcing the body's internal clock. Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day, even on weekends, can help improve sleep quality and make it easier to fall asleep and wake up naturally.