A nurse is teaching a class about the use of pain medications for clients who have an opioid addiction. Which of the following medications are a nonopioid analgesic? (Select All that Apply)

A. Turn the client on his side before starting oral care: This is the correct action. Turning the client on their side helps prevent aspiration of oral secretions or fluids during oral care, especially for an immobile client who may have difficulty swallowing or managing oral secretions effectively. Positioning the client on their side also facilitates better access to the oral cavity for oral care procedures.

B. Use the thumb and index finger to keep the client's mouth open: Using the thumb and index finger to keep the client's mouth open may cause discomfort or injury to the client. Instead, it's essential to encourage the client to open their mouth gently or use an appropriate oral device to keep the mouth open during oral care.

C. Apply petroleum jelly to the client's lips after oral care: Applying petroleum jelly to the client's lips after oral care can help keep the lips moisturized and prevent dryness. However, it is not the most immediate action necessary for oral care. Ensuring proper positioning and cleaning of the oral cavity take precedence during oral care for an immobile client.

D. Use a stiff toothbrush to clean the client's teeth: Using a stiff toothbrush can cause damage to the client's oral tissues, especially if the client has impaired oral hygiene or compromised oral health. It's essential to use a soft-bristled toothbrush or sponge swabs for oral care to prevent injury or trauma to the oral mucosa, especially in clients who are immobile.

A) Lactated Ringer's:
Lactated Ringer's solution is an isotonic crystalloid solution that contains electrolytes similar to those found in plasma. It is commonly used for fluid resuscitation and maintenance therapy but is not typically used for treating hypernatremia, as it contains sodium chloride and could exacerbate the client's condition.

B) Dextrose 10% in water:
Dextrose 10% in water is a hypertonic solution primarily used to provide calories and treat hypoglycemia. It does not address the underlying electrolyte imbalance in hypernatremia.

C) 0.45% sodium chloride:
0.45% sodium chloride, also known as half-normal saline, is a hypotonic solution used to treat hypernatremia by diluting the excess sodium in the bloodstream. It provides free water to rehydrate cells without adding excessive sodium. This solution is appropriate for clients with hypernatremia who require IV fluid therapy.

D) Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride:
Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride, also known as D5NS, is a hypertonic solution containing both dextrose and sodium chloride. While it provides water and calories, the sodium content may exacerbate hypernatremia rather than correct it. Therefore, it is not the most appropriate choice for a client with hypernatremia.