A nurse is teaching a class about the interlocking principles of shared governance. Which of the following principles should the nurse include?

(Select All that Apply.)

A. Blood pressure is a measurable physiological parameter that can be accurately recorded by the nurse using a sphygmomanometer. It provides concrete evidence of the client’s current condition compared to their preoperative baseline.
B. The swelling and warmth of the calf are observable and measurable physical signs that the nurse can assess through physical examination. These findings can be documented and evaluated independently of the client's personal feelings or reports.
C. Nausea is a symptom experienced and reported by the client. It cannot be directly measured or observed by the nurse but rather is based on the client's personal sensations and experiences.
D. Pain is a personal experience and is reported by the client. The description of pain, including its intensity and quality, is based on the client's own perception and cannot be directly measured by the nurse.
E. Urine output is a quantifiable measurement that can be recorded and assessed by the nurse. It
provides concrete information about the client’s fluid balance and renal function over a specific period.

A. The hospital supervisor is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the hospital, including staff management. However, in the immediate chain of command, the supervisor might not be the first point of contact for specific unit issues unless the concern escalates beyond the unit level.
B. The charge nurse is the immediate supervisor on the unit and is usually the first point of contact for issues related to staff behavior or performance. Reporting the concern to the charge nurse is appropriate because they have the responsibility to oversee the staff on the unit, address concerns, and ensure the safety and well-being of both patients and staff. The charge nurse can assess the situation and take appropriate action, such as further investigation or reporting to higher authorities.
C. The unit director is responsible for overall management and administration of the unit, including staff issues. While the unit director is a higher level of authority than the charge nurse, it is often appropriate to first report to the charge nurse, who is closer to the situation and can address it more immediately.
D. The Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) is a top executive responsible for nursing practices across the entire hospital or healthcare system. Reporting directly to the CNO is generally not the first step in the chain of command for concerns about a coworker’s impairment.