A nurse is teaching a class about infection control to a group of nurses. The nurse should identify which of the following diseases as requiring the implementation of droplet precautions?
Rubeola
Varicella
Tuberculosis
Pertussis
The Correct Answer is D
A. Rubeola (measles). Rubeola is transmitted through airborne particles and requires airborne precautions, including the use of an N95 respirator and placement in a negative pressure room. Droplet precautions would not provide sufficient protection due to the small particle size and long-range transmission.
B. Varicella (chickenpox). Varicella requires both airborne and contact precautions because it spreads via airborne respiratory droplets and direct contact with lesions. A client with varicella must be isolated in a negative pressure room and healthcare workers should use full PPE.
C. Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is spread through airborne droplet nuclei, which remain suspended in the air for extended periods. It requires airborne precautions, including an N95 respirator and isolation in a specialized room.
D. Pertussis (whooping cough). Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial infection that spreads through large respiratory droplets during coughing or sneezing. Droplet precautions are required, which include wearing a surgical mask when within 3 feet of the client and practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent transmission.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Wear clothing with zippers instead of buttons. This may be helpful for caregivers or for promoting independence in dressing, but it does not directly enhance safety in the home for a client with Alzheimer’s disease.
B. Place locks at the tops of exterior doors. Clients with Alzheimer’s are at risk for wandering, especially in later stages. Placing locks at the tops of doors helps prevent elopement while still allowing caregivers to control access, thus enhancing home safety.
C. Replace the carpet with hardwood floors. Carpets can actually provide more traction and cushioning than hardwood, which may be slippery and increase the risk of falls. Removing carpet is not necessary and could reduce safety.
D. Encourage physical activity prior to bedtime. Physical activity is beneficial but should be scheduled earlier in the day, as exercise close to bedtime may increase stimulation and interfere with sleep, which is already often disrupted in Alzheimer’s clients.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Boil bottle rings and nipples for 10 min to ensure sanitization. Boiling for 10 minutes is excessive and can damage bottle parts. A boil time of 5 minutes is typically sufficient for sanitizing feeding equipment before first use.
B. Keep the newborn on a strict 3 hr feeding schedule. Newborns should be fed on demand, which may be more or less frequently than every 3 hours. Hunger cues should guide feeding to promote healthy growth and bonding.
C. Use bottles of refrigerated formula within 48 hr. Prepared formula should be refrigerated and used within 48 hours to ensure safety and prevent bacterial growth. This is a safe practice when storing formula that has not been fed to the infant.
D. Place the newborn on their abdomen for 30 min following each feeding. Placing a newborn on the abdomen increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Infants should always be placed on their backs to sleep.
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