A nurse is speaking with the partner of a client who speaks a different language than the nurse. The partner tells the nurse that the client does not want to sign an informed consent for an urgent cesarean birth. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Rationale:

A. Give the dose of medication in the infant's bottle: Placing nystatin in a bottle may result in incomplete dosing, as the infant may not consume the full amount. This method also limits the medication's contact time with the affected mucosa, reducing its effectiveness.

B. Educate the caregiver to avoid breastfeeding: Breastfeeding should not be avoided unless the mother has signs of candidiasis on the breast. Instead, both mother and infant should be treated simultaneously if either shows symptoms to prevent reinfection.

C. Administer the medication before the infant's feeding: Administering nystatin before feeding may cause the medication to be washed away by milk, decreasing mucosal contact time. It is generally recommended after feeding to ensure prolonged exposure to the mucosa.

D. Distribute the medication on the infant's oral mucosa: Applying the suspension directly to the affected areas allows the antifungal to coat the mucosa thoroughly, maximizing effectiveness. It is the preferred method to treat oral candidiasis in infants.

Rationale:

A. Thoroughly explain each procedure to the toddler: Toddlers have limited cognitive ability to understand detailed explanations. Overexplaining may cause anxiety rather than reassurance, especially if unfamiliar medical terms are used.

B. Allow the toddler to handle the equipment: Allowing the toddler to touch and explore safe medical equipment, like a stethoscope, helps reduce fear and builds trust. This play-based approach fosters cooperation and makes the exam less intimidating.

C. Completely undress the toddler: Toddlers can feel vulnerable when fully undressed. It is more appropriate to remove clothing gradually, only as needed for each part of the examination, to ensure comfort and security.

D. Start the examination with routine immunizations: Beginning with painful procedures like injections can create fear and resistance, making the rest of the exam more difficult. Immunizations should be done at the end of the visit.