A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a school-age child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse expect?
Hgb 12 g/dL
Serum protein 4.2 g/dL
BUN 15 mg/dL
Serum sodium 144 mEq/L
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Hemoglobin (Hgb) of 12 g/dL is within the normal range for school-age children and is not specifically indicative of nephrotic syndrome.
Choice B reason: A serum protein level of 4.2 g/dL is lower than the normal range, which is typically between 6 and 8 g/dL. This finding is consistent with nephrotic syndrome, as the condition is characterized by proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, leading to low serum protein levels.
Choice C reason: A BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) level of 15 mg/dL is within the normal range for children and does not specifically indicate nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by protein loss, not necessarily changes in BUN levels.
Choice D reason: A serum sodium level of 144 mEq/L is within the normal range for children. While electrolyte imbalances can occur in nephrotic syndrome, this value does not specifically indicate the condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is developmentally appropriate and helps to alleviate the child's anxiety about pain during the procedure. It uses language that a 4-year-old can understand without causing unnecessary fear.
Choice B reason: While it is comforting to know a parent will be close by, this statement is not accurate as parents are typically not present in the operating room during the procedure. It could lead to confusion and distress when the parent is not there.
Choice C reason: This statement is too vague and may not be fully understood by a child. It lacks the reassurance that the child will not feel pain, which is an important aspect to address.
Choice D reason: Although this statement is positive and forward-looking, it does not address the child's immediate concerns about the procedure itself. It is important to reassure the child about what to expect during the surgery.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Using a 20-gauge needle for injections in a 3-month-old infant is not appropriate as it is too large. A smaller gauge needle should be used to minimize pain and tissue trauma.
Choice B reason: Providing a pacifier coated with an oral sucrose solution prior to the injections is an evidence-based practice to reduce pain in infants. The sweet taste of sucrose has a soothing effect and can help to distract the infant from the discomfort of the injection.
Choice C reason: Injecting immunizations into the deltoid muscle is not recommended for a 3-month-old infant as their muscle mass is not yet fully developed. The anterolateral thigh is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants.
Choice D reason: Applying eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream immediately before the injections can help to numb the skin and reduce pain. However, it needs to be applied at least one hour before the procedure to be effective.
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