A nurse is preparing to apply lidocaine and prilocaine cream to a child prior to the insertion of an IV catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Choice A reason: Producing tears when crying is not typically a sign of severe dehydration. In fact, the ability to produce tears may suggest that the infant is not severely dehydrated.

Choice B reason: A sunken anterior fontanel is a classic sign of severe dehydration in infants. The fontanel, which is the soft spot on the top of a baby's head, can appear sunken when there is significant fluid loss.

Choice C reason: While weight loss can be a sign of dehydration, a 5% weight loss alone does not necessarily indicate severe dehydration. Other clinical signs should also be considered.

Choice D reason: A capillary refill time of 3 seconds is at the upper limit of normal. Prolonged capillary refill time can be a sign of dehydration, but it is not as specific as a sunken anterior fontanel for severe dehydration.

Choice A reason: Constipation is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. It may be related to dietary factors, dehydration, or other gastrointestinal issues.

Choice B reason: Increased abdominal girth can be an indication of nephrotic syndrome due to the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (ascites) as a result of low albumin levels in the blood, which is a characteristic of this condition.

Choice C reason: Irritability can be a non-specific symptom and may be caused by a variety of factors. It is not a direct indication of nephrotic syndrome.

Choice D reason: Increased urinary output is not characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, decreased urine output may be observed due to the loss of protein in the urine and subsequent fluid retention in the body.