A nurse is assessing the cognitive development of a preschooler. The nurse should expect the child to be in which of the following phases?

Concrete operational

Formal operational

Preoperational

Sensorimotor

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: The concrete operational phase typically begins around age 7 and is characterized by the development of logical thought about concrete events. This phase is not typical for preschoolers, who are usually between the ages of 3 and 5.

Choice B reason: The formal operational phase usually starts at age 11 or older. It involves abstract thinking and the ability to systematically plan for the future, which is beyond the cognitive abilities of a preschooler.

Choice C reason: The preoperational phase occurs from ages 2 to 7. During this stage, children begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols, but they do not yet understand concrete logic.

Choice D reason: The sensorimotor phase is from birth to about age 2. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions, such as looking and touching. Preschoolers have typically moved beyond this phase.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice Areason: An upper respiratory infection 2 days ago, if the child is currently well, is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine. Vaccines can be given to children with a minor illness.

Choice Breason: A temperature of 37.2° C (99°F) is a mild elevation and is not a contraindication for receiving the MMR vaccine. Vaccination can proceed if the child is only mildly ill.

Choice C reason: A family history of seizures is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine. While there is a small risk of febrile seizures, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks.

Choice D reason: An allergy to neomycin is a contraindication for the MMR vaccine because neomycin is used in the vaccine production process. Children with a known severe allergic reaction to neomycin should not receive the vaccine.

A. BP 150/90 mmHg B. BUN 20 mg/dL C. Urine protein 12 mg/dL D. 2+ pedal edema

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: A blood pressure reading of 150/90 mmHg is significantly high for a 7-year-old child and indicates hypertension, which can be a serious complication of acute glomerulonephritis. It is a priority to report this finding to the provider as it may require immediate intervention.

Choice B reason: A BUN level of 20 mg/dL is within the normal range for children and is not typically a cause for immediate concern. However, it should be monitored along with other kidney function tests.

Choice C reason: Urine protein of 12 mg/dL is a common finding in acute glomerulonephritis due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. It is important but not as urgent as the blood pressure finding.

Choice D reason: 2+ pedal edema is a sign of fluid retention, which is expected in acute glomerulonephritis. While it should be addressed, it is not as immediately concerning as severe hypertension.

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A nurse is assessing the cognitive development of a preschooler. The nurse should expect the child to be in which of the following phases?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a 15-month-old child who is scheduled to receive the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a contraindication for receiving this vaccine?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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