A nurse is reviewing guidelines to prevent DKA during periods of illness with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Withhold your usual daily dose of insulin."

"Drink 240 to 360 milliliters of calorie-free liquids every 8 hours."

"Test your blood glucose level every 8 hours."

"Check your urine for ketones when blood glucose levels are greater than 240 mg/dL."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Incorrect. Withholding insulin during illness is not recommended. Clients with type 1 diabetes should continue to take their prescribed insulin even when they are ill. Insulin is necessary to regulate blood glucose levels, and illness can increase the body's demand for insulin.

B. Incorrect. Drinking calorie-free liquids is important to prevent dehydration during illness, but specific fluid amounts should be individualized based on the client's needs and healthcare provider's recommendations. The given volume is not a universally applicable guideline.

C. Incorrect. Testing blood glucose levels every 8 hours may not be frequent enough during illness. Blood glucose should be monitored more frequently to closely track changes in response to illness and adjust insulin doses accordingly.

D. Correct. Checking urine for ketones when blood glucose levels exceed 240 mg/dL is an important guideline during illness. Elevated blood glucose levels can lead to the production of ketones, and checking for ketones in the urine helps identify the early signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). If ketones are present, the client should follow a specific plan of action as outlined by their healthcare provider, which may include adjusting insulin doses or seeking medical attention.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Sustaining hyperglycemia is not a recommended approach. In fact, it is crucial to maintain blood glucose levels within a target range to prevent complications associated with diabetes.

B. Correct. Maintaining optimal blood pressure is important for preventing kidney damage, which is a common complication of diabetes. High blood pressure can exacerbate kidney problems in individuals with diabetes.

C. Correct. Reducing cholesterol and saturated fat intake is important for managing cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes. Elevated cholesterol levels are a risk factor for heart disease, which is more prevalent in individuals with diabetes.

D. Correct. Enrolling in a smoking cessation program is essential. Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is already elevated in individuals with diabetes. Quitting smoking is a crucial step in reducing this risk.

E. Correct. Increasing physical activity is an important component of diabetes management. Regular exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Correct Answer is ["4"]

Explanation

Step 1: Convert the Prescribed Dose to Milligrams

The prescribed dose is 0.4 grams (g), but the medication strength is in milligrams (mg). We need to use the same unit for both.

There are 1000 mg in 1 g.
To convert 0.4 g to mg, we multiply by 1000.
0.4×1000=400
The prescribed dose is 400 mg.

Step 2: Calculate the Volume (in mL) Needed for the Dose

We know that 5 mL of the syrup contains 100 mg of medication. We need to find out how many mL are needed for 400 mg.

To find out how many groups of 100 mg are in 400 mg, we divide:
400÷100=4
This means we need 4 times the volume of syrup that contains 100 mg.
The volume for 100 mg is 5 mL. So, we multiply 4 by 5 mL.
4×5mL=20mL
The total volume needed per dose is 20 mL.

Step 3: Convert the Volume to Teaspoons

The measuring spoon is in teaspoons (tsp). We need to convert 20 mL to teaspoons.

There are 5 mL in 1 teaspoon.
To find out how many teaspoons are in 20 mL, we divide 20 by 5.
20÷5=4
The dose is 4 teaspoons.

The nurse will instruct the client to take 4 teaspoons.

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A nurse is reviewing guidelines to prevent DKA during periods of illness with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing a teaching session about reducing the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

The primary health-care provider prescribes a cough syrup 0.4 g every 4 hours. The dosage strength of the syrup is 100 mg/5 mL. The medication bottle contains a measuring spoon that measures in teaspoons and tablespoons. How many teaspoons will the nurse instruct the client to take?

Correct Answer is ["4"]

Explanation

Step 1: Convert the Prescribed Dose to Milligrams

Step 2: Calculate the Volume (in mL) Needed for the Dose

Step 3: Convert the Volume to Teaspoons

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