The nurse is assessing a patient with Cushing syndrome. Which finding should the nurse report for immediate follow-up?

Serum potassium 2.5 mEq/L and blood pressure 150/90 mmHg

Serum phosphorus 3 mg/dL and hirsutism

Serum calcium 10 mg/dl, and reports of feelings of depression

Serum sodium 145 mEq/L and reports of muscle weakness

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Serum potassium 2.5 mEq/L and blood pressure 150/90 mmHg - This combination of severe hypokalemia (low potassium) and elevated blood pressure is a concerning finding. It can lead to serious cardiac complications and requires immediate attention.

B. Serum phosphorus 3 mg/dL and hirsutism - While low serum phosphorus may be seen in Cushing syndrome, it is not an immediate concern. Hirsutism (excessive hair growth) is a characteristic feature of Cushing syndrome.

C. Serum calcium 10 mg/dL, and reports of feelings of depression - Although an elevated serum calcium level is not typical in Cushing syndrome, it is not an immediate concern. Reports of depression should be addressed but do not require immediate follow-up.

D. Serum sodium 145 mEq/L and reports of muscle weakness - These findings are not indicative of immediate danger. Elevated serum sodium and muscle weakness can occur in Cushing syndrome, but they do not warrant immediate attention compared to the potassium level and blood pressure in option A.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Sustaining hyperglycemia is not a recommended approach. In fact, it is crucial to maintain blood glucose levels within a target range to prevent complications associated with diabetes.

B. Correct. Maintaining optimal blood pressure is important for preventing kidney damage, which is a common complication of diabetes. High blood pressure can exacerbate kidney problems in individuals with diabetes.

C. Correct. Reducing cholesterol and saturated fat intake is important for managing cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes. Elevated cholesterol levels are a risk factor for heart disease, which is more prevalent in individuals with diabetes.

D. Correct. Enrolling in a smoking cessation program is essential. Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is already elevated in individuals with diabetes. Quitting smoking is a crucial step in reducing this risk.

E. Correct. Increasing physical activity is an important component of diabetes management. Regular exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.

A. "Withhold your usual daily dose of insulin." B. "Drink 240 to 360 milliliters of calorie-free liquids every 8 hours." C. "Test your blood glucose level every 8 hours." D. "Check your urine for ketones when blood glucose levels are greater than 240 mg/dL."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Withholding insulin during illness is not recommended. Clients with type 1 diabetes should continue to take their prescribed insulin even when they are ill. Insulin is necessary to regulate blood glucose levels, and illness can increase the body's demand for insulin.

B. Incorrect. Drinking calorie-free liquids is important to prevent dehydration during illness, but specific fluid amounts should be individualized based on the client's needs and healthcare provider's recommendations. The given volume is not a universally applicable guideline.

C. Incorrect. Testing blood glucose levels every 8 hours may not be frequent enough during illness. Blood glucose should be monitored more frequently to closely track changes in response to illness and adjust insulin doses accordingly.

D. Correct. Checking urine for ketones when blood glucose levels exceed 240 mg/dL is an important guideline during illness. Elevated blood glucose levels can lead to the production of ketones, and checking for ketones in the urine helps identify the early signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). If ketones are present, the client should follow a specific plan of action as outlined by their healthcare provider, which may include adjusting insulin doses or seeking medical attention.

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The nurse is assessing a patient with Cushing syndrome. Which finding should the nurse report for immediate follow-up?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing a teaching session about reducing the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing guidelines to prevent DKA during periods of illness with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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