The client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is prescribed to take NPH (Humulin N) insulin at 5 PM each day. The client should be instructed that the greatest risk of hypoglycemia will occur about what time?

1AM while sleeping

PM shortly after lunch

6 PM shortly after dinner

11:00 AM, shortly before lunch

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

1 AM while sleeping: NPH insulin, like Humulin N, typically reaches its peak effectiveness about 4-12 hours after administration. Since the client takes it at 5 PM, the time of greatest risk for hypoglycemia is around 1 AM when the insulin's effects are at their peak. This is a critical period for monitoring blood glucose levels.

B. 8 PM shortly after dinner: By 8 PM, the NPH insulin's effectiveness is not at its peak. It's been about 3 hours since administration, and the insulin is still working to lower blood glucose levels. This time frame is not associated with the highest risk of hypoglycemia.

C. 6 PM shortly after dinner: At 6 PM, it's been only about an hour since the client took the NPH insulin. The insulin is just beginning to take effect, and the risk of hypoglycemia is not as high as it would be later in the night.

D. 11:00 AM, shortly before lunch: By 11:00 AM, the effects of the NPH insulin from the previous evening have largely worn off. This time frame is not associated with a high risk of hypoglycemia related to the evening dose of NPH insulin.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Sustaining hyperglycemia is not a recommended approach. In fact, it is crucial to maintain blood glucose levels within a target range to prevent complications associated with diabetes.

B. Correct. Maintaining optimal blood pressure is important for preventing kidney damage, which is a common complication of diabetes. High blood pressure can exacerbate kidney problems in individuals with diabetes.

C. Correct. Reducing cholesterol and saturated fat intake is important for managing cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes. Elevated cholesterol levels are a risk factor for heart disease, which is more prevalent in individuals with diabetes.

D. Correct. Enrolling in a smoking cessation program is essential. Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is already elevated in individuals with diabetes. Quitting smoking is a crucial step in reducing this risk.

E. Correct. Increasing physical activity is an important component of diabetes management. Regular exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.

A. Flaccid muscles B. Client report of anorexia C. Client report of numbness in his hands D. Negative Chvostek's sign

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Flaccid muscles are associated with conditions like hypokalemia, not hypoparathyroidism. In hypoparathyroidism, there is a deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to low calcium levels and can result in muscle spasms and tetany, not flaccid muscles.

B. While anorexia can occur in clients with various health conditions, it is not a specific finding associated with hypoparathyroidism.

C. Correct. Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to low calcium levels in the blood. This can cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and muscle cramps, especially in the extremities.

D. A positive Chvostek's sign is associated with hypocalcemia, which can be caused by hypoparathyroidism. Therefore, a negative Chvostek's sign would not be an expected finding in a client with hypoparathyroidism.

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The client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is prescribed to take NPH (Humulin N) insulin at 5 PM each day. The client should be instructed that the greatest risk of hypoglycemia will occur about what time?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing a teaching session about reducing the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoparathyroidism. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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