A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has a long history of diabetes mellitus and is being admitted to the emergency department confused, flushed, and with an acetone odor on the breath. Diabetic ketoacidosis is suspected. The nurse should anticipate using which of the following types of insulin to treat this client?
NPH insulin
Insulin glargine
Insulin detemir
Regular Insulin
The Correct Answer is D
A. NPH insulin: NPH insulin, also known as Neutral Protamine Hagedorn, is an intermediate acting insulin. It has a slower onset of action and a longer duration compared to regular insulin. It is not the best choice for treating diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) because it does not act quickly enough to lower dangerously high blood glucose levels in this acute situation.
B. Insulin glargine: Insulin glargine is a long-acting basal insulin. It has a slow, steady release and provides a consistent level of insulin over an extended period. Like NPH insulin, it is not suitable for rapidly lowering blood glucose levels in a DKA emergency.
C. Insulin detemir: Insulin detemir is another long-acting basal insulin similar to glargine. It has a slow onset and provides a sustained release of insulin. It is not the first-line choice for treating DKA due to its slower action.
D. Regular Insulin: Regular insulin, also known as short-acting or fast-acting insulin, has a rapid onset of action. When administered intravenously, it can quickly lower blood glucose levels. This makes it the preferred choice for treating diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) where prompt action is essential to correct the severe hyperglycemia and associated metabolic imbalances.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["4"]
Explanation
One gram is equal to 1000 milligrams, one milliliter is equal to 0.2 teaspoons, and one teaspoon is equal to 5 milliliters. Using these conversion factors, the nurse can perform the following steps:
- Multiply the prescribed amount of cough syrup by 1000 to get the equivalent in milligrams: 0.4 g x 1000 = 400 mg
- Divide the equivalent in milligrams by the dosage strength of the syrup to get the equivalent in milliliters: 400 mg / 100 mg/5 mL = 20 mL
- Multiply the equivalent in milliliters by 0.2 to get the equivalent in teaspoons: 20 mL x 0.2 = 4 teaspoons
Therefore, the nurse will instruct the client to take 4 teaspoons of cough syrup every 4 hours.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This option is not ideal for levothyroxine (Synthroid) because it should be taken on an empty stomach for optimal absorption. Taking it with food, especially a meal like breakfast, can interfere with its absorption.
B. This is the correct option. Levothyroxine should be taken in the morning, at least 30 minutes before breakfast, or any other medications. Taking it on an empty stomach ensures the best absorption of the medication.
C. Taking levothyroxine in the evening is not recommended. It should be taken in the morning to coincide with the body's natural circadian rhythm and to avoid potential interactions with food or other medications.
D. While it's important to take levothyroxine in the morning before breakfast, it is not necessary to take it without any other medications. It can be taken alongside other daily medications as long as there are no interactions that would affect its absorption.
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