A nurse is teaching an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus about preventing the long term complications of retinopathy and nephropathy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Have an eye examination once per year

Examine your feet carefully every day

Wear compression stockings

"Maintain stable blood glucose level

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Have an eye examination once per year - Regular eye examinations are crucial for detecting and managing retinopathy, a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes.

B. Examine your feet carefully every day - Daily foot examinations are essential to detect any early signs of foot problems, which is particularly important in preventing complications like nephropathy.

C. Wear compression stockings - Compression stockings are not directly related to preventing retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes. They are more commonly used to improve blood flow in the legs.

D. "Maintain stable blood glucose levels" - While maintaining stable blood glucose levels is important for overall diabetes management, it is not specific to preventing retinopathy and nephropathy. It is a general principle for managing diabetes.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Sustaining hyperglycemia is not a recommended approach. In fact, it is crucial to maintain blood glucose levels within a target range to prevent complications associated with diabetes.

B. Correct. Maintaining optimal blood pressure is important for preventing kidney damage, which is a common complication of diabetes. High blood pressure can exacerbate kidney problems in individuals with diabetes.

C. Correct. Reducing cholesterol and saturated fat intake is important for managing cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes. Elevated cholesterol levels are a risk factor for heart disease, which is more prevalent in individuals with diabetes.

D. Correct. Enrolling in a smoking cessation program is essential. Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is already elevated in individuals with diabetes. Quitting smoking is a crucial step in reducing this risk.

E. Correct. Increasing physical activity is an important component of diabetes management. Regular exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.

A. NPH insulin B. Insulin glargine C. Insulin detemir D. Regular Insulin

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. NPH insulin: NPH insulin, also known as Neutral Protamine Hagedorn, is an intermediate acting insulin. It has a slower onset of action and a longer duration compared to regular insulin. It is not the best choice for treating diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) because it does not act quickly enough to lower dangerously high blood glucose levels in this acute situation.

B. Insulin glargine: Insulin glargine is a long-acting basal insulin. It has a slow, steady release and provides a consistent level of insulin over an extended period. Like NPH insulin, it is not suitable for rapidly lowering blood glucose levels in a DKA emergency.

C. Insulin detemir: Insulin detemir is another long-acting basal insulin similar to glargine. It has a slow onset and provides a sustained release of insulin. It is not the first-line choice for treating DKA due to its slower action.

D. Regular Insulin: Regular insulin, also known as short-acting or fast-acting insulin, has a rapid onset of action. When administered intravenously, it can quickly lower blood glucose levels. This makes it the preferred choice for treating diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) where prompt action is essential to correct the severe hyperglycemia and associated metabolic imbalances.

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A nurse is teaching an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus about preventing the long term complications of retinopathy and nephropathy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing a teaching session about reducing the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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