A nurse is caring for a client who is being evaluated for acromegaly. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to find during assessment? (Select all that apply.)
Hepatomegaly
Moon face
Coarse facia features
Enlarged distal extreme
Loss of color discrimination
Correct Answer : A,C,D,E
A: Hepatomegaly is a common manifestation of acromegaly, as excess growth hormone can cause organ enlargement.
B: Moon face is associated with Cushing's syndrome, not acromegaly. In acromegaly, facial changes are characterized by bony enlargement and coarsening of features, not the rounded face seen in Cushing's syndrome.
C: Coarse facial features are a classic sign of acromegaly due to the overgrowth of facial bones and soft tissue, leading to prominent brows, a larger nose, and a protruding jaw.
D: Enlarged distal extremities, such as hands and feet, are typical in acromegaly because of excessive growth hormone, which affects the growth plates in the bones and causes an increase in size and thickness.
E: This can occur due to optic nerve involvement, which is associated with pituitary tumors that can cause acromegaly. Vision changes, including loss of color discrimination, may be noted as a result of pressure on the optic chiasm.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Photophobia is not typically associated with hypothyroidism. It can be a symptom of conditions affecting the eyes, such as certain infections or ocular disorders.
B. Exophthalmos is a protrusion of the eyeballs and is a characteristic symptom of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), not hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).
C. Correct. Lethargy is a common symptom of hypothyroidism. It is characterized by extreme tiredness, sluggishness, and lack of energy.
D. Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and can occur in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. However, it is not a direct symptom; it is a physical finding that can be associated with thyroid disorders.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Glucocorticoid medications are not the primary treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). They may be used in specific situations, but they are not the first-line treatment.
B. Oral hypoglycemic medications are not appropriate for a client with DKA. DKA is a serious condition that requires prompt treatment with insulin and intravenous fluids.
C. Dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride is not the initial treatment for DKA. This solution contains dextrose, which would raise the blood glucose levels, but it does not provide the necessary insulin to address the underlying issue of insulin deficiency.
D. Correct. The initial treatment for DKA involves administering intravenous fluids, typically with 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline). This helps to restore blood volume, correct electrolyte imbalances, and gradually lower the high blood glucose levels. Insulin is also administered concurrently to address the underlying insulin deficiency.
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