A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?
HIV infection
Alzheimer's disease
Prion disease
Substance use disorder
The Correct Answer is B
B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.
A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.
C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.
D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life. These determinants include factors such as socioeconomic status, education, employment, housing, and access to healthcare.
A. Health equity refers to the absence of disparities in health and healthcare among different populations. However, this option does not specifically address the client's situation of unemployment and homelessness.
C. Treatment protocols are important for guiding clinical practice but they do not directly address the social determinants of health impacting the client's situation.
D. Unconscious bias refers to implicit attitudes or stereotypes that influence judgments and behaviors in a subconscious manner but do not directly address the social determinants of health impacting the client's situation of unemployment and homelessness.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C. Codependency refers to a dysfunctional pattern of behavior in which a person excessively relies on another individual (often a partner or family member) for their sense of identity, self- worth, or emotional well-being. In this scenario, the partner's demand to see the client's records
and treatment plan, as well as the assertion of needing to oversee the treatment, suggests an excessive need for control and involvement in the client's life and healthcare decisions.
A. Manipulation involves influencing or controlling someone in a deceptive or dishonest way to achieve one's own goals.
B. Marginalization refers to the exclusion or relegation of a person or group to a lower or outer edge of society or a group.
D. Enabling refers to behaviors that unintentionally or intentionally allow someone to continue engaging in harmful behaviors or avoid facing consequences.
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