A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

HIV infection

Alzheimer's disease

Prion disease

Substance use disorder

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.

A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.

C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.

D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Calling the poison control center is the immediate and most important action to take in cases of potential poisoning or chemical exposure. Poison control centers have trained professionals who can provide immediate guidance on how to assess the situation, provide first aid if necessary, and determine if further medical evaluation or treatment is needed.

A. While assessing the parent's understanding of emergency measures is important, it may not be the first action to take in this situation.

B. Providing information about the risks of chemical exposure can be helpful for prevention, but it may not be the first action to take when there is uncertainty about whether the child has ingested a harmful substance.

D. While securing cleaning supplies to prevent future incidents is important, it is not the first action to take when there is concern about a potential ingestion.

A. When discharged from the hospital B. When attending dialectical behavior therapy C. When attending narrative therapy D. When getting married

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often experience intense and unstable emotions, impulsivity, and difficulties in regulating their emotions and behaviors. As a result, transitions, such as being discharged from the hospital, can be particularly challenging and may increase the risk of self-harm or suicidal behavior.

B. While dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment for BPD and focuses on teaching coping skills to manage emotions and reduce self-harming behaviors, attending therapy sessions may actually decrease the risk of self-harm for individuals actively participating in treatment.

C. Narrative therapy is another therapeutic approach that focuses on helping individuals reframe their life stories and experiences. While narrative therapy may be beneficial for some aspects of BPD treatment, it may not specifically address the immediate risk factors for self-harm.

D. Getting married may be a significant life event that brings about both positive and negative emotions, but it does not inherently indicate the highest risk for self-harm in individuals with BPD.

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A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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