A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?
HIV infection
Alzheimer's disease
Prion disease
Substance use disorder
The Correct Answer is B
B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.
A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.
C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.
D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) can affect individuals of any age, including children. While treatment approaches may vary depending on the age of the individual and their specific needs, one aspect that remains consistent across age groups is the importance of assessing for thoughts of self-harm or suicidal ideation.
A. Nursing interventions for dissociative identity disorder (DID) can be diverse and tailored to the individual needs of the patient, regardless of age. While managing DID in children may present some unique challenges compared to adults, it doesn't mean that nursing interventions are limited. This option may not provide helpful information to the guardian seeking guidance.
C. Treatment outcomes for DID can vary widely depending on various factors, including the severity of symptoms, the presence of comorbid conditions, the quality of therapeutic interventions, and the individual's support system. While some older individuals may respond well to treatment, age alone is not a determining factor in treatment outcomes.
D. Dissociative identity disorder can occur in both children and adults, and psychiatric medication may be prescribed to individuals of any age depending on the severity of symptoms and individual treatment plans. Medication is often used to manage comorbid conditions such as depression, anxiety, or mood disorders that commonly co- occur with DID.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. This promotes accountability by involving an identified support person in the client's exercise plan. Sharing the exercise log with a support person creates a sense of responsibility and encouragement for the client to adhere to their exercise regimen. Knowing that someone else will review their progress can motivate the client to stay committed to their goals and maintain consistency in their exercise routine.
A. Setting a specific duration for daily exercise is a good goal-setting strategy. However, it does not inherently provide a mechanism for accountability. The client may not feel as motivated to adhere to the exercise plan consistently.
B. This option involves client engagement and preference, which is important for promoting adherence to an exercise routine. However, it does not directly address accountability.
C. Setting a specific timeframe for daily exercise is another goal-setting strategy, but without mechanisms for accountability, the client may struggle to maintain consistency.
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