A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?
HIV infection
Alzheimer's disease
Prion disease
Substance use disorder
The Correct Answer is B
B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.
A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.
C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.
D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. FNSD involves neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical or neurological condition but are believed to be related to psychological factors. In this case, the client's symptoms of numbness are likely somatic manifestations of underlying psychological distress or conflict.
A. Factitious disorder involves intentionally producing or feigning physical or psychological symptoms for the purpose of assuming the sick role.
B. Dissociative amnesia involves memory loss that is not attributable to neurological conditions or substance use and is often associated with stressful or traumatic events.
C. Depersonalization/derealization disorder involves experiences of detachment from oneself or one's surroundings.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Interpersonal therapy (IPT) focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social functioning, which is crucial for individuals with avoidant personality disorder. This therapy helps clients work through feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and fear of rejection, aiming to enhance their ability to connect with others and improve their social skills.
B. Antipsychotic medications are primarily used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychotic features. They are not the first-line treatment for avoidant personality disorder.
C. While DBT is useful for emotional regulation and has applications in various personality disorders, it is primarily designed for borderline personality disorder and may not be the first choice for avoidant personality disorder.
D Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that emphasizes acceptance and change strategies.
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