A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

HIV infection

Alzheimer's disease

Prion disease

Substance use disorder

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.

A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.

C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.

D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Dementia related to a traumatic brain injury can result in a variety of cognitive and physical impairments. A shuffling gait, characterized by short steps with feet barely leaving the ground, is often associated with Parkinsonian symptoms, which can occur in advanced stages of dementia or as the condition progresses. Therefore, a shuffling gait would indicate worsening of the client's condition.

A. While visual disturbance can occur in individuals with dementia, visual field cuts alone may not necessarily indicate worsening of the condition unless they are accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

B. CD4 counts are a measure of immune system function, particularly in relation to HIV/AIDS. Decreased CD4 counts are not typically associated with dementia related to traumatic brain injury and would not be a relevant finding in this context.

D. Chorea is not a common feature of dementia related to traumatic brain injury. The presence of chorea may indicate a different underlying neurological condition or complication

A. Families where caregivers have college degrees or higher B. Children who don't feel close to their guardians and don't feel like they can talk to them about their feelings C. Families that are isolated from other people, such extended family, friends, and neighbors D. Families that include young caregivers or single parents

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Families where caregivers have higher levels of education, such as college degrees or higher, tend to have more access to resources, support networks, and knowledge about child development and parenting practices. This can contribute to a more stable and nurturing environment for children, reducing the likelihood of adverse childhood experiences.

B. This option describes a lack of emotional support and connection within the family, which is considered a risk factor rather than a protective factor for adverse childhood experiences.

C. Social isolation can contribute to increased stress and lack of support for both children and caregivers, which may exacerbate the impact of adverse childhood experiences.

D. While single parenthood or having young caregivers may present additional challenges, it is not inherently a risk factor for adverse childhood experiences.

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A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is admitting a client who has dementia related to a traumatic brain injury. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client's condition is worsening?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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