A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

HIV infection

Alzheimer's disease

Prion disease

Substance use disorder

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.

A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.

C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.

D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Allowing the client to control the conversation empowers them to share their experience at their own pace and in their own way. This approach fosters trust and facilitates open communication between the nurse and the client.

B. While gathering relevant information about the assault may be necessary for documentation and reporting purposes, it's important to approach the topic with sensitivity and respect for the client's emotional well-being.

C. Pressuring the client to report the incident against their will can further traumatize them and undermine their sense of control. Reporting the assault is a personal decision that should be made by the client based on their individual circumstances and preferences.

D. Touch can be a powerful form of nonverbal communication that conveys empathy, support, and reassurance. However, it's important to obtain the client's consent before initiating any form of physical contact, especially considering the sensitive nature of the situation.

A. Interpersonal therapy B. Antipsychotic medications C. Dialectical behavior therapy D. Antidepressant medications

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Interpersonal therapy (IPT) focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social functioning, which is crucial for individuals with avoidant personality disorder. This therapy helps clients work through feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and fear of rejection, aiming to enhance their ability to connect with others and improve their social skills.

B. Antipsychotic medications are primarily used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychotic features. They are not the first-line treatment for avoidant personality disorder.

C. While DBT is useful for emotional regulation and has applications in various personality disorders, it is primarily designed for borderline personality disorder and may not be the first choice for avoidant personality disorder.

D Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that emphasizes acceptance and change strategies.

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A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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