A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

HIV infection

Alzheimer's disease

Prion disease

Substance use disorder

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.

A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.

C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.

D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Exposure to substances at a young age, especially during periods of brain development, increases the risk of addiction. Adolescents and young adults are particularly vulnerable to the effects of drugs and alcohol because their brains are still developing, particularly in areas related to decision-making, impulse control, and risk assessment.

A. The availability of medical insurance coverage for treatment does not directly increase the potential for addiction.

C. Cognitive deficits or vulnerabilities may predispose individuals to addiction, such as impulsivity or difficulty regulating emotions but they are not inherent characteristics of the brain.

D. Addiction can occur at any age, depending on various factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and individual vulnerabilities.

A. Ask open-ended questions about the perpetrator. B. Speak softly to the client. C. Provide direct eye contact with the client. D. Sit next to the client.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While it's important to gather relevant information about the assault, asking open-ended questions about the perpetrator may not be the most appropriate approach initially.

B. Speaking softly helps to convey empathy and can make the client feel more comfortable and less threatened.

C. Direct eye contact can be perceived as intrusive or threatening, especially for individuals who have experienced trauma such as sexual assault.

D. Sitting next to the client rather than directly across can create a more relaxed and less intimidating atmosphere. This approach can help establish a sense of partnership and support, making the client feel more at ease.

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A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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