A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?
HIV infection
Alzheimer's disease
Prion disease
Substance use disorder
The Correct Answer is B
B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.
A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.
C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.
D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. When a nurse observes illegal or unethical behavior, such as stealing narcotics, it is their ethical and legal responsibility to report the incident promptly to the appropriate authorities.
B. While it's important to encourage the coworker to seek treatment for their substance abuse issue, withholding reporting of the incident compromises patient safety and violates organizational policies and legal obligations. It's essential to report the incident regardless of the coworker's actions afterward.
C. Reporting the incident to other RNs on the shift may not be sufficient action to address the seriousness of the situation. While it's important for colleagues to be aware of potential risks to patient safety, the primary responsibility lies with reporting the incident to the appropriate authorities within the organization.
D. Agreeing not to report the incident in exchange for the coworker promising to report themselves to the supervisor is not an appropriate course of action. It's essential to follow established reporting protocols and ensure that the incident is documented and addressed through the appropriate channels to protect patient safety and uphold professional standards.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Late-onset schizophrenia typically presents with symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and social withdrawal. However, this does not differentiate it from typical schizophrenia.
B. Substance use, including cannabis use, is a known risk factor for the development of schizophrenia, particularly in individuals who are genetically predisposed to the disorder. However, cannabis use as a teenager alone does not necessarily indicate late-onset schizophrenia.
C. Paraphrenia or late onset schizophrenia generally occurs later in life and symptoms persist and intensify as the client ages. Schizophrenia is rarely diagnosed after the age of 40 and is considered late onset if diagnosed after the age of 40.
D. Family history of psychosis or schizophrenia is a significant risk factor for developing schizophrenia, including late-onset schizophrenia. However, having a family member who mirrors the client's behaviors of psychosis is not a specific finding indicative of late-onset schizophrenia.
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