A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

HIV infection

Alzheimer's disease

Prion disease

Substance use disorder

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.

A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.

C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.

D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Social cognition refers to the ability to understand and interpret social cues, including emotions, intentions, and interpersonal interactions. Asking the client to identify emotions on faces depicted on cards assesses their ability to recognize and interpret facial expressions, which is a fundamental aspect of social cognition.

B. Repeating a list of words primarily assesses verbal memory and recall, which may be impaired in dementia but does not specifically target social cognition.

C. Interpreting a sequence of pictures may assess aspects of visual processing, memory, and problem-solving abilities but does not specifically target social cognition.

D. Imitating gestures of learned movements may assess motor skills and imitation abilities but does not specifically target social cognition.

A. Set up multiple clinics in a wide geographic area. B. Support laws to protect client's without housing. C. Reinforce teaching with vulnerable clients about strategies to prevent illness and promote health. D. Advise elected officials on the issues that vulnerable populations face.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Reinforcing teaching with vulnerable clients about strategies to prevent illness and promote health is the most immediate and direct action the nurse can take. Education empowers

individuals to make informed decisions about their health and well-being, potentially preventing illness and reducing the need for healthcare services.

A. This action focuses on improving access to care but may not directly address the immediate health needs of vulnerable clients.

B. Protecting the rights and well-being of clients without housing is important, but it may take time to implement legislative changes and see the effects.

D. While advocating for policy change and advising elected officials on the needs of vulnerable populations is important for systemic change, it may not directly address the immediate health needs of vulnerable clients

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A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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