A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about how to reduce the risk of giving birth to a newborn who has a neural tube defect. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Increase intake of iron.

Avoid consumption of alcohol.

Avoid the use of aspirin.

Eat foods fortified with folic acid.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale: Increasing the intake of iron is important during pregnancy to prevent anemia, but it is not specifically related to reducing the risk of neural tube defects.
Choice B rationale: Avoiding the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is essential to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome, but it is not directly related to reducing the risk of neural tube defects.
Choice C rationale: Avoiding the use of aspirin during pregnancy is recommended to reduce the risk of certain complications, but it is not specifically related to reducing the risk of neural tube defects.
Choice D rationale: Eating foods fortified with folic acid is a crucial preventive measure to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Adequate folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy significantly lowers the risk of these birth defects.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. SGA newborns often have increased circulating RBCs (polycythemia) due to chronic hypoxia in utero, not decreased RBCs.
B. Blood glucose instability (hypoglycemia) is common in SGA newborns due to decreased glycogen stores and increased metabolic demands.
C. Retinopathy of prematurity is more commonly associated with preterm infants and prolonged oxygen therapy rather than SGA status.
D. SGA newborns typically have a scaphoid (sunken) rather than a well-rounded abdomen due to decreased subcutaneous fat stores.

A. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) absent B. Nonstress test is reactive C. Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio of 2:1 D. Biophysical profile score of 8

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale: The presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in the amniotic fluid is another indicator of fetal lung maturity. The absence of PG is associated with an increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the newborn.
Choice B rationale: A nonstress test is a test performed during pregnancy to evaluate the fetal heart rate in response to fetal movement. It is not directly related to assessing fetal lung maturity.
Choice C rationale: The L/S ratio is an important indicator of fetal lung maturity. Lecithin and sphingomyelin are two surfactants present in the lungs, and the ratio of these two substances increases as the fetal lungs mature. An L/S ratio of 2:1 or greater is considered an indication of lung maturity and suggests that the newborn should be able to breathe adequately after birth.
Choice D rationale: The biophysical profile (BPP) is a prenatal ultrasound assessment of the fetus, which includes evaluating fetal movements, breathing, heart rate, and amniotic fluid volume. While a BPP of 8 is a reassuring score, it does not provide direct information about fetal lung maturity.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about how to reduce the risk of giving birth to a newborn who has a neural tube defect. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

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