A nurse is assisting in the care of a newborn immediately following birth. The nurse notes mucus bubbling out of the newborn's mouth and nose. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

The correct answer is Choice B, the nipple line.

Choice A rationale: The axillae, or underarms, are not used to measure chest circumference in a newborn. This area does not provide an accurate or consistent measurement of chest size due to the positioning and movement of the baby’s arms.

Choice B rationale: The nipple line is the correct anatomical landmark to use when measuring chest circumference in a newborn. This line is typically used because it provides a consistent and accurate measurement. It is located at the level of the nipples, which is approximately at the mid-chest level. This location allows for a measurement that is representative of the chest size, as it is at the broadest part of the chest.

Choice C rationale: The lower ribcage border is not the correct landmark for measuring chest circumference in a newborn. This area is too low and would not provide an accurate representation of the chest size. The measurement taken at this location would be smaller than the actual chest size, as it is below the broadest part of the chest.

Choice D rationale: The sternal notch is not an appropriate landmark for measuring chest circumference in a newborn. The sternal notch is located at the top of the sternum, near the base of the neck. A measurement taken at this location would not accurately represent the size of the chest, as it is above the broadest part of the chest.

Choice A rationale: Stopping breastfeeding is not recommended for breast engorgement. Breastfeeding frequently and effectively is one of the best ways to relieve engorgement and prevent further complications.
Choice B rationale: Feeding the baby every 2 hours is a frequent feeding schedule, which can help manage breast engorgement. However, this statement does not specifically address the use of cold compresses for relief.
Choice C rationale: Wearing a supportive bra during the daytime can help provide comfort and support for engorged breasts. However, this statement does not specifically address the use of cold compresses for relief.
Choice D rationale: Applying cold compresses to the breasts before each feeding can help reduce breast engorgement and discomfort. Cold compresses can help constrict the blood vessels and reduce swelling, making it easier for the baby to latch on and feed effectively.