A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a school-age child who has asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the child to use to abort an ongoing attack?

Montelukast

Fluticasone

Cromolyn

Albuterol

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Montelukast:
Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used as a controller or maintenance medication for asthma. It is not used for the immediate relief of asthma symptoms during an acute attack. Montelukast is taken regularly to prevent asthma symptoms and reduce the frequency of asthma attacks, but it does not provide rapid relief during an ongoing attack.

B) Fluticasone:
Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) used as a controller medication for asthma. It works by reducing airway inflammation and is taken regularly to control asthma symptoms and prevent exacerbations. Fluticasone is not used for the immediate relief of acute asthma symptoms and is not suitable for aborting an ongoing asthma attack.

C) Cromolyn:
Cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer used as a controller medication for asthma. It helps prevent the release of inflammatory substances that contribute to asthma symptoms. Cromolyn is taken regularly to prevent asthma symptoms and reduce the frequency of asthma attacks but is not used for the immediate relief of acute asthma symptoms like albuterol.

D) Albuterol.
Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist (SABA) bronchodilator used for the quick relief of asthma symptoms during an acute asthma attack or exacerbation. It works rapidly to relax the smooth muscles in the airways, opening them up and relieving bronchoconstriction, which improves airflow and alleviates symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Albuterol is typically administered via inhalation through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) or a nebulizer.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Chronic diarrhea: Overuse of laxatives is more likely to cause chronic constipation rather than chronic diarrhea. While some types of laxatives can lead to diarrhea as a side effect, chronic diarrhea is less common with laxative overuse compared to chronic constipation.

B. Chronic constipation
When the smooth muscle in the colon loses its tone due to overuse of laxatives, it can lead to chronic constipation. Laxatives work by stimulating bowel movements, but frequent or excessive use can lead to dependency and decreased natural bowel function. Over time, the colon may become less responsive to normal stimuli, resulting in difficulty passing stool and chronic constipation.

C. Frequent vomiting: Overuse of laxatives is not directly associated with frequent vomiting. Vomiting can occur as a result of various gastrointestinal issues, but it is not a typical consequence of laxative overuse.

D. Chronic nausea: While gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea may occur as a side effect of some laxatives, chronic nausea is not a common consequence of laxative overuse. It is more likely to result from other underlying medical conditions or gastrointestinal disturbances.

A. 250 mL/hr and 45 drops/min B. 200 mL/hr and 45 drops/min C. 200 mL/hr and 50 drops/min D. 250 mL/hr and 50 drops/min

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

To calculate the rate of administration in milliliters per hour (mL/hr):

First, find the total volume to be infused: 1000 mL

Next, divide the total volume by the total time in hours: 1000 mL ÷ 5 hours = 200 mL/hr

Therefore, you will administer the solution at a rate of 200 mL/hr.

To calculate the rate of administration in drops per minute (drops/min):

First, find the total drops: 1000 mL × 15 drops/mL = 15,000 drops

Next, divide the total drops by the total time in minutes: 15,000 drops ÷ (5 hours × 60 minutes/hour) = 50 drops/min

Therefore, you will administer the solution at a rate of 200 mL/hr and 50 drops/min.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a school-age child who has asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the child to use to abort an ongoing attack?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Patients should be advised not to overuse laxatives, because the smooth muscle in the colon can lose its tone. What condition should the nurse warn, the client can occur if this happens?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The healthcare provider has ordered 1000 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride to be administered intravenously over 5 hours. The drop factor on the tubing is 15 drops/mL. How many milliliters per hour will you administer and how many drops per minute?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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