A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a school-age child who has asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the child to use to abort an ongoing attack?
Montelukast
Fluticasone
Cromolyn
Albuterol
The Correct Answer is D
A) Montelukast:
Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used as a controller or maintenance medication for asthma. It is not used for the immediate relief of asthma symptoms during an acute attack. Montelukast is taken regularly to prevent asthma symptoms and reduce the frequency of asthma attacks, but it does not provide rapid relief during an ongoing attack.
B) Fluticasone:
Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) used as a controller medication for asthma. It works by reducing airway inflammation and is taken regularly to control asthma symptoms and prevent exacerbations. Fluticasone is not used for the immediate relief of acute asthma symptoms and is not suitable for aborting an ongoing asthma attack.
C) Cromolyn:
Cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer used as a controller medication for asthma. It helps prevent the release of inflammatory substances that contribute to asthma symptoms. Cromolyn is taken regularly to prevent asthma symptoms and reduce the frequency of asthma attacks but is not used for the immediate relief of acute asthma symptoms like albuterol.
D) Albuterol.
Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist (SABA) bronchodilator used for the quick relief of asthma symptoms during an acute asthma attack or exacerbation. It works rapidly to relax the smooth muscles in the airways, opening them up and relieving bronchoconstriction, which improves airflow and alleviates symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Albuterol is typically administered via inhalation through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) or a nebulizer.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Wheezing: Wheezing is not a typical symptom of allergic rhinitis. It is more commonly associated with asthma or other lower respiratory conditions.
B. Sneezing: Sneezing is a common symptom of allergic rhinitis. It is often triggered by exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander.
C. Watery eyes: Watery eyes, also known as allergic conjunctivitis, frequently accompany allergic rhinitis. This symptom occurs due to inflammation of the conjunctiva in response to allergen exposure.
D. Nasal congestion: Nasal congestion, or a stuffy nose, is a hallmark symptom of allergic rhinitis. It occurs as a result of inflammation and swelling of the nasal mucosa in response to allergens.
E. Urticaria: Urticaria, commonly referred to as hives, may occur in some individuals with allergic rhinitis. However, it is more commonly associated with other types of allergic reactions, such as food allergies or drug allergies.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Sedation:
Sedation is not an adverse effect commonly associated with oxymetazoline nasal spray. Oxymetazoline works by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages to relieve congestion and does not typically cause sedation.
B) Constipation:
Constipation is not an adverse effect associated with oxymetazoline nasal spray. Constipation is more commonly associated with medications that affect the gastrointestinal system, such as opioid analgesics or certain anticholinergic medications.
C) Productive cough:
Productive cough is not an adverse effect commonly associated with oxymetazoline nasal spray. Productive cough refers to a cough that produces mucus or phlegm and is more often associated with respiratory infections or chronic respiratory conditions.
D) Nasal congestion.
Oxymetazoline (Afrin) is a nasal decongestant spray commonly used for the temporary relief of nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis or the common cold. However, if oxymetazoline nasal spray is used for more than 3 to 5 consecutive days, it can lead to rebound congestion, also known as rhinitis medicamentosa. Rebound congestion occurs when the nasal mucosa becomes dependent on the medication for vasoconstriction, and upon discontinuation, nasal congestion worsens. Therefore, prolonged use of oxymetazoline nasal spray can result in a worsening of nasal congestion as an adverse effect.
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