A nurse is reinforcing teaching about palliative care to a client who has cancer. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"It is for clients who have a terminal illness."

"It is for clients who are given 6 months or less to live."

"It includes restriction of nutritional support."

"It enhances quality of life by promoting comfort."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Stating that palliative care is only for clients with a terminal illness is incorrect. Palliative care is designed for clients with serious, chronic, or life-threatening illnesses and focuses on symptom management and quality of life, regardless of prognosis.

B. Limiting palliative care to those with 6 months or less to live is incorrect. This definition applies to hospice care, not palliative care. Palliative care can be provided alongside curative treatments at any stage of illness.

C. Including restriction of nutritional support is incorrect. Palliative care emphasizes comfort and symptom relief, including providing adequate nutrition and hydration as appropriate for the client’s needs and wishes.

D. Enhancing quality of life by promoting comfort is correct. Palliative care aims to relieve symptoms such as pain, nausea, and fatigue while supporting the client’s emotional, psychological, and spiritual well-being.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. BUN 18 mg/dL is incorrect. A BUN (blood urea nitrogen) level of 18 mg/dL is within the normal range (typically 7–20 mg/dL) and does not indicate immediate concern in this context. An elevated BUN could indicate dehydration, but this level is not significantly elevated.

B. Serum creatinine 1.0 mg/dL is incorrect. Serum creatinine levels are also within normal limits for most adults, which is around 0.6–1.2 mg/dL, and this finding does not indicate a problem.

C. Urine output 12 mL/hr is correct. A urine output of 12 mL/hr is low and indicates oliguria, which is a concern in the context of dehydration. The normal urine output for an adult is at least 30 mL/hr. A decrease in urine output suggests that the kidneys are not receiving adequate blood flow, which could indicate severe dehydration and requires immediate attention from the provider.

D. Urine specific gravity 1.020 is incorrect. Urine specific gravity of 1.020 is within the normal range (typically 1.005–1.030) and indicates that the kidneys are concentrating urine appropriately, which is not a concerning finding in this case.

A. Insertion of a nasogastric tube B. Administration of an iron injection using Z-track technique C. Irrigation of a wound with antibiotic solution D. Placement of a central venous catheter

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Insertion of a nasogastric tube: While informed consent is important for many procedures, the insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube is generally considered a routine procedure that may not require formal informed consent unless specific complications or risks are involved.

B. Administration of an iron injection using Z-track technique: Informed consent is typically required for procedures with inherent risks or invasive elements, but routine administration of iron injections is not typically classified as needing informed consent, unless there are specific concerns.

C. Irrigation of a wound with antibiotic solution: Irrigation of a wound is typically a low-risk procedure, and although it is important to inform the client about the treatment, it generally does not require formal informed consent unless there are complications or risks involved.

D. Placement of a central venous catheter: Informed consent is required for the placement of a central venous catheter, as it is an invasive procedure with potential risks such as infection, bleeding, and damage to blood vessels. This procedure requires the nurse to obtain and document the client's consent before proceeding.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about palliative care to a client who has cancer. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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