A nurse is reinforcing teaching about manifestations of hypoglycemia with an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Moist skin: Dehydration often leads to dry skin rather than moist skin. When the body is dehydrated, it conserves water, and one of the signs can be dry, less elastic skin.

B. High blood pressure: Dehydration tends to result in lower blood volume, which can lead to lower blood pressure rather than high blood pressure. However, severe dehydration may cause a drop in blood pressure.

C. Dark-colored urine: Dehydration commonly causes urine to become more concentrated, leading to darker urine. This is due to the kidneys conserving water and producing less urine.

D. Distended neck veins: Dehydration is more likely to result in decreased blood volume and lower venous return, which would not typically lead to distended neck veins. Distended neck veins are more commonly associated with conditions like heart failure.

A. Pneumonia:
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can lead to aspiration, where food or liquids enter the airway and lungs instead of the stomach. This can result in pneumonia, an infection of the lungs. Clients with dysphagia are at an increased risk of developing pneumonia due to the aspiration of foreign material into the lungs.

B. Pressure Injury:
Pressure injuries (formerly known as pressure ulcers or bedsores) are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin, usually over bony prominences. Dysphagia itself is not directly related to pressure injuries. These injuries are more commonly associated with immobility and constant pressure on specific areas of the body.

C. Pulmonary Embolism:
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage of the pulmonary artery, usually by a blood clot that travels to the lungs from the legs or other parts of the body. While dysphagia is not directly associated with pulmonary embolism, conditions that cause immobility (such as being bedridden due to dysphagia) can contribute to the risk of developing blood clots.

D. Diarrhea:
Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing and is not directly related to diarrhea. Diarrhea is often associated with gastrointestinal issues, infections, or dietary factors. Monitoring for complications of dysphagia would primarily focus on respiratory issues, such as aspiration pneumonia.