The nurse suspects the 4-year-old client is having a recurrence of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). Which signs or symptoms would the nurse observe in the client?
Proteinuria
Hypocalcemia
Hypoalbuminemia
Positive for Ketones
The Correct Answer is A
The signs or symptoms the nurse would observe in a 4-year-old client experiencing a recurrence of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) include:
- MCNS is characterized by increased glomerular permeability, leading to the loss of protein, particularly albumin, in the urine. Proteinuria is a hallmark feature of MCNS and is usually detected through urine testing.
- Due to the excessive loss of protein in the urine, particularly albumin, the client with MCNS may have low levels of albumin in the blood. Hypoalbuminemia can result in various complications, such as edema formation and impaired immune function. However this is not a sign or symptom.
- Edema is a common symptom of MCNS and typically presents as swelling in the face, around the eyes, and in the extremities. This is a result of the fluid shifts and fluid retention caused by the altered glomerular function and hypoalbuminemia.
Hypocalcemia and ketones in the urine are not typically associated with MCNS. Hypocalcemia can occur in some types of kidney disease, but it is not a characteristic feature of MCNS. Ketones in the urine are more commonly associated with conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis or inadequate carbohydrate intake.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The patient bending over the sink while brushing teeth requires intervention by the nurse. After hip arthroplasty using the posterior approach, the patient should avoid bending at the hip greater than 90 degrees to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis. The nurse should instruct the patient to bend at the knees instead of the hips while brushing teeth or doing any other activity that requires bending. The other actions mentioned in the options are appropriate for a patient after hip arthroplasty.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]
Explanation
Small bowel obstruction can lead to the accumulation of gastric contents above the obstruction, causing vomiting.
Obstruction of the small bowel can result in crampy, colicky abdominal pain and abdominal distention.
Electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia (low potassium), can occur due to vomiting and inadequate intake in cases of small bowel obstruction.
The following finding is not directly associated with small bowel obstruction:
Pain relief after eating is more commonly associated with peptic ulcer disease, not small bowel obstruction.
While blood in the stool can be seen in some cases of bowel obstruction, it is more commonly associated with lower gastrointestinal bleeding or other conditions affecting the colon, rather than small bowel obstruction.
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