A nurse is reinforcing teaching about foot care to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Apply lotion between toes.

Use a heating pad to warm feet.

Apply cotton socks to feet daily

Inspect appearance of feet weekly.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Apply lotion between toes: Lotion should not be applied between the toes because the moisture can promote fungal infections. Instead, lotion can be applied to the tops and bottoms of the feet to prevent dryness and cracking.

B. Use a heating pad to warm feet: Clients with diabetes often have decreased sensation in their feet and using heating pads can cause burns without them realizing it. Safer methods, like wearing warm socks, should be used to keep feet warm.

C. Apply cotton socks to feet daily: Wearing clean, dry cotton socks daily helps protect the feet, maintain warmth, and absorb moisture, reducing the risk of fungal infections and skin breakdown, which are common concerns for clients with diabetes.

D. Inspect appearance of feet weekly: Clients with diabetes should inspect their feet daily, not weekly. Daily inspection helps catch cuts, blisters, or signs of infection early to prevent serious complications such as ulcers or amputations.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Erythema: Erythema, or redness, is more commonly associated with phlebitis, an inflammation of the vein, rather than infiltration. While some redness may occur, it is not the primary or expected finding when infiltration is present.

B. Blood: The presence of blood at the insertion site may indicate a bleeding or hematoma issue but is not a typical sign of infiltration. Infiltration involves fluid, usually IV solution, leaking into surrounding tissue, not blood leaking out of the vein.

C. Edema: Edema at the insertion site is a hallmark sign of infiltration. When IV fluid escapes into the surrounding tissue instead of remaining in the vein, it causes localized swelling, coolness, and often discomfort or tightness around the insertion area.

D. Pruritus: Pruritus, or itching, is not a typical manifestation of infiltration. It may be seen with allergic reactions to IV medications or materials, but infiltration primarily presents with swelling, coolness, and sometimes blanching of the skin.

A. Open nearby doors and windows when the fire alarm sounds B. Attempt to extinguish the fire before evacuating clients. C. Have ambulatory clients walk independently to a safe location D. Aim the spray of the fire extinguisher at the top of the fire.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Open nearby doors and windows when the fire alarm sounds: Opening doors and windows during a fire can cause the fire to spread more rapidly by feeding it with additional oxygen. Doors should be closed to contain the fire and reduce the spread of smoke.

B. Attempt to extinguish the fire before evacuating clients: Client safety is the priority in a fire situation. Evacuation should occur first, and attempts to extinguish the fire should only be made if it is safe to do so without putting clients or staff at risk.

C. Have ambulatory clients walk independently to a safe location: Ambulatory clients should be instructed to evacuate independently if they can do so safely, freeing staff to assist clients who are immobile or require more help during the evacuation.

D. Aim the spray of the fire extinguisher at the top of the fire: The proper technique is to aim at the base of the fire, not the top, to effectively extinguish the flames by removing the fire's source of fuel.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about foot care to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

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