A nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions with a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

A. Dysuria, or painful urination, is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) due to irritation of the urinary tract lining by bacteria.
B. While strong-smelling urine can occur with a UTI, it's not specific to UTIs and can have other causes. Ammonia-smelling urine can be indicative of a UTI, especially if accompanied by other symptoms such as dysuria or frequency.
C. Increased frequency of urination can be a symptom of a UTI as the body attempts to flush out the bacteria causing the infection.
D. Amber urine color can result from concentrated urine due to dehydration but is not specific to a UTI.

E. Urinary urgency, or a sudden and compelling need to urinate, can be a symptom of a UTI due to irritation of the bladder lining by bacteria

A. In the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, fluid intake may need to be restricted rather than encouraged to prevent fluid overload.
B. Hourly intake and output monitoring is crucial for managing fluid balance and assessing the progression of kidney injury. Close monitoring can help prevent fluid overload, which is a risk due to the reduced urine output. It also aids in the timely adjustment of fluid administration and the detection of any changes in the client's condition that may necessitate intervention.
C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen are contraindicated in acute kidney injury as they can further impair renal function.

D. In the oliguric phase, protein intake may need to be restricted to reduce the workload on the kidneys and minimize azotemia. A high-protein diet can increase the burden on already compromised kidneys due to the increased production of urea, a byproduct of protein metabolism that requires excretion by the kidneys.