A nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions with a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Maintain a low carbohydrate diet.

Reduce intake of foods high in potassium.

Eliminate ingestion of foods high in protein.

Increase intake of sodium-containing food.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   While controlling carbohydrate intake may be beneficial for managing blood glucose levels in some cases, it is not a primary dietary concern for chronic kidney disease.
B.   Patients with chronic kidney disease often need to limit potassium intake because the kidneys may have difficulty excreting excess potassium, leading to hyperkalemia.
C.   While protein restriction may be necessary in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease to reduce the workload on the kidneys, complete elimination of protein is not recommended.
D.   Sodium restriction is often recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease to help control blood pressure and fluid balance.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Lemon-glycerin swabs can dry out and irritate oral tissues, increasing the risk of oral mucositis and infection.
B. Using a firm toothbrush may be too harsh for irritated mucous membranes and can increase the risk of injury and bleeding.
C. Gentle oral care is essential to avoid further irritation of the mucous membranes.

D. Flossing may be too abrasive for irritated mucous membranes and can increase the risk of bleeding and injury.

A. Bright orange B. Dark-amber C. Pale yellow D. Red

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Bright orange urine could be caused by certain medications, such as rifampicin and phenazopyridine or food dyes, such as those containing carotene.
B. This is because the obstruction of the bile duct leads to an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, which is then excreted in the urine, giving it a darker color.
C. Pale yellow urine is indicative of normal urine coloration and is not specific to bile duct obstruction.

D. Red urine could indicate the presence of blood, which might suggest other conditions such as urinary tract infections or kidney stones, but not typically bile duct obstruction.

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A nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions with a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

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