A nurse is ready to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female client. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the client as the catheter is inserted?

Bear down.

Exhale slowly.

Contract the pelvic muscles.

Take a sip of water.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Correct answer: A

A. Bear down:

Bear down: Asking the client to bear down gently (as if to void) helps to expose urethral meatus.Bearing down simulates the act of urination and helps open the urethra.

B. Exhale slowly:

While exhaling slowly might help the client relax, it does not specifically assist with the insertion of the catheter as effectively as bearing down.

C. Contract the pelvic muscles:

Contracting the pelvic muscles (such as squeezing or tightening) might make catheter insertion more challenging by tensing the area where the catheter needs to pass through.

D. Take a sip of water:

Drinking water is not typically instructed during urinary catheter insertion, as it's unrelated to the process and might increase discomfort.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Increase physical activity and daily exercise.

Regular physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity, manage blood glucose levels, and lower the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.

B. Reduce cholesterol and saturated fat intake.

Managing cholesterol levels and reducing saturated fat intake can help lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is a common complication of diabetes.

C. Maintain optimal blood pressure to prevent kidney damage.

Controlling and maintaining blood pressure within optimal ranges is crucial in preventing kidney damage, a common complication of diabetes.

D. Enroll in a smoking-cessation program.

Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular complications and can exacerbate other diabetes-related health issues. Quitting smoking is important in reducing the risk of complications.

E. Sustain hyperglycemia to reduce deterioration of nerve cells.

Sustaining hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) is detrimental and contributes to the progression of diabetic complications, including nerve damage (neuropathy). Lowering and controlling blood glucose levels are essential in preventing complications rather than sustaining hyperglycemia.

A. Warfarin B. Vitamin K C. Heparin D. Ferrous sulfate

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Warfarin:

Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting the synthesis of certain clotting factors, including factors II, VII, IX, and X. While it is used to prevent thromboembolic events, in a client with cirrhosis and an elevated PT, the priority is addressing the coagulation factor deficiency rather than adding an anticoagulant.

B. Vitamin K:

Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin, and it helps in the synthesis of clotting factors. In cirrhosis, there can be impaired synthesis of clotting factors due to liver dysfunction. Administering vitamin K can aid in correcting coagulation abnormalities.

C. Heparin:

Heparin is another anticoagulant, but it does not reverse the effects of warfarin. It works by a different mechanism and is typically used in acute settings, such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. It is not the primary intervention for an elevated PT in cirrhosis.

D. Ferrous sulfate:

Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement and is not indicated for the correction of an elevated PT. Iron supplements are typically used to address iron deficiency anemia.

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A nurse is ready to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female client. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the client as the catheter is inserted?

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