A nurse is teaching an older adult client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus about preventing the long-term complications of retinopathy and nephropathy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

"Wear compression stockings daily."

"Have an eye examination once per year."

"Maintain stable blood glucose levels."

"Examine your feet carefully every day."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Wear compression stockings daily":

Compression stockings are not directly related to preventing the complications of retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes. They are more commonly recommended for managing conditions like venous insufficiency and preventing blood clots.

B. "Have an eye examination once per year":

While regular eye examinations are important for monitoring and early detection of diabetic retinopathy, maintaining stable blood glucose levels is more directly related to preventing the progression of retinopathy.

C. "Maintain stable blood glucose levels":

This is the correct instruction. Stable blood glucose levels are crucial in preventing and minimizing the long-term complications of diabetes, including retinopathy (damage to the retina) and nephropathy (kidney damage). Consistent blood glucose control is key to reducing the risk of complications.

D. "Examine your feet carefully every day":

Daily foot examinations are essential for preventing diabetic foot complications, including ulcers and infections. While important for overall diabetes management, foot care is not specifically directed at preventing retinopathy and nephropathy.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Storing unopened bottles of insulin in the freezer is incorrect. Insulin should be stored in the refrigerator, and freezing can damage the insulin.

B. Having a morning blood glucose level between 200 and 230 is too high. The target range for fasting blood glucose is generally lower, and elevated levels may indicate the need for adjustment in insulin or other medications.

C. Eating a snack half an hour before playing soccer is a correct understanding. This helps prevent hypoglycemia during physical activity. Physical activity can lower blood glucose levels, and a pre-activity snack can provide additional carbohydrates to prevent low blood sugar.

D. Not taking regular insulin when sick is incorrect. In fact, insulin needs may increase during illness, and it is usually recommended to continue taking insulin even when sick. Adjustments to the insulin regimen may be needed under the guidance of healthcare providers.

A. Instruct the client that they can lift over 20 lbs. B. Offer the client ice cream postoperatively C. Encourage ambulation once fully awake D. Place the client in a supine position postoperatively.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Instruct the client that they can lift over 20 lbs:

Lifting heavy objects should be avoided postoperatively to prevent strain on the surgical site. The specific weight restriction may vary, but lifting heavy objects is generally discouraged.

B. Offer the client ice cream postoperatively:

While offering ice cream may be a comforting measure, it is not a specific action related to the recovery from a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

C. Encourage ambulation once fully awake:

This is the correct action. Encouraging ambulation helps prevent complications such as blood clots and promotes recovery after laparoscopic surgery. Early mobility is generally encouraged unless contraindicated for specific reasons.

D. Place the client in a supine position postoperatively:

The position of the client postoperatively depends on the specific surgical procedure and the surgeon's preferences. However, placing the client in a supine position alone is not a comprehensive postoperative care action.

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A nurse is teaching an older adult client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus about preventing the long-term complications of retinopathy and nephropathy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Nursing Test Bank

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