A nurse is teaching an older adult client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus about preventing the long-term complications of retinopathy and nephropathy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Wear compression stockings daily."
"Have an eye examination once per year."
"Maintain stable blood glucose levels."
"Examine your feet carefully every day."
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Wear compression stockings daily":
Compression stockings are not directly related to preventing the complications of retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes. They are more commonly recommended for managing conditions like venous insufficiency and preventing blood clots.
B. "Have an eye examination once per year":
While regular eye examinations are important for monitoring and early detection of diabetic retinopathy, maintaining stable blood glucose levels is more directly related to preventing the progression of retinopathy.
C. "Maintain stable blood glucose levels":
This is the correct instruction. Stable blood glucose levels are crucial in preventing and minimizing the long-term complications of diabetes, including retinopathy (damage to the retina) and nephropathy (kidney damage). Consistent blood glucose control is key to reducing the risk of complications.
D. "Examine your feet carefully every day":
Daily foot examinations are essential for preventing diabetic foot complications, including ulcers and infections. While important for overall diabetes management, foot care is not specifically directed at preventing retinopathy and nephropathy.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I'll wear sandals in warm weather":
While wearing sandals in warm weather can be comfortable, it may not provide adequate protection for the feet, especially for individuals with diabetes. Closed, protective shoes are generally recommended to prevent injuries.
B. "I'll put lotion between my toes after drying my feet":
Applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, which may increase the risk of fungal infections. It is generally advisable to keep the skin between the toes dry to prevent infections.
C. "I'll check my feet every day for sores and bruises":
This statement is correct. Regular foot checks are crucial for individuals with diabetes to identify any signs of sores, bruises, or other abnormalities early. Early detection and prompt treatment can help prevent complications.
D. "I’ll soak my feet in cool water every night before I go to bed":
Soaking the feet in cool water is generally not recommended, as it can lead to maceration of the skin and increase the risk of fungal infections. Daily inspection and proper hygiene are more important aspects of foot care.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Lactulose is not used to decrease potassium levels. It is a laxative that works by drawing water into the colon, softening stools and promoting bowel movements.
B. Lactulose is used to decrease ammonia levels in clients with cirrhosis. Ammonia is a byproduct of protein metabolism, and when the liver is compromised, it may not effectively convert ammonia into urea, leading to elevated ammonia levels in the bloodstream. Lactulose helps reduce ammonia absorption in the colon.
C. Lactulose does not decrease glucose levels significantly. It is not primarily used as an antidiabetic medication.
D. Lactulose does not affect bicarbonate levels significantly. It primarily targets ammonia reduction in clients with cirrhosis.
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