A nurse is teaching an older adult client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus about preventing the long-term complications of retinopathy and nephropathy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Wear compression stockings daily."
"Have an eye examination once per year."
"Maintain stable blood glucose levels."
"Examine your feet carefully every day."
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Wear compression stockings daily":
Compression stockings are not directly related to preventing the complications of retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes. They are more commonly recommended for managing conditions like venous insufficiency and preventing blood clots.
B. "Have an eye examination once per year":
While regular eye examinations are important for monitoring and early detection of diabetic retinopathy, maintaining stable blood glucose levels is more directly related to preventing the progression of retinopathy.
C. "Maintain stable blood glucose levels":
This is the correct instruction. Stable blood glucose levels are crucial in preventing and minimizing the long-term complications of diabetes, including retinopathy (damage to the retina) and nephropathy (kidney damage). Consistent blood glucose control is key to reducing the risk of complications.
D. "Examine your feet carefully every day":
Daily foot examinations are essential for preventing diabetic foot complications, including ulcers and infections. While important for overall diabetes management, foot care is not specifically directed at preventing retinopathy and nephropathy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Warfarin:
Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting the synthesis of certain clotting factors, including factors II, VII, IX, and X. While it is used to prevent thromboembolic events, in a client with cirrhosis and an elevated PT, the priority is addressing the coagulation factor deficiency rather than adding an anticoagulant.
B. Vitamin K:
Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin, and it helps in the synthesis of clotting factors. In cirrhosis, there can be impaired synthesis of clotting factors due to liver dysfunction. Administering vitamin K can aid in correcting coagulation abnormalities.
C. Heparin:
Heparin is another anticoagulant, but it does not reverse the effects of warfarin. It works by a different mechanism and is typically used in acute settings, such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. It is not the primary intervention for an elevated PT in cirrhosis.
D. Ferrous sulfate:
Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement and is not indicated for the correction of an elevated PT. Iron supplements are typically used to address iron deficiency anemia.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Bradycardia is not typically associated with gastrointestinal perforation. Instead, tachycardia may be observed due to the body's response to a potential emergency or shock.
B. Hyperactive bowel sounds are not typically associated with gastrointestinal perforation. In fact, bowel sounds may decrease or become absent in severe cases of peritonitis or abdominal emergencies.
C. Increased blood pressure is not typically associated with gastrointestinal perforation. Hypotension may be observed due to hypovolemia resulting from fluid leakage into the peritoneal cavity.
D. Sudden abdominal pain is a key clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal perforation. The perforation of the stomach or intestines allows the contents to leak into the abdominal cavity, leading to peritonitis. Sudden and severe abdominal pain is a hallmark symptom, often described as sharp, stabbing, and constant.
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