A nurse is providing teaching to an older adult client about methods to promote nighttime sleep. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Incorrect. A residual of 65 mL may indicate delayed gastric emptying, but it alone does not directly correlate with an increased risk of aspiration unless it leads to significant overdistension or the client is unable to tolerate further feedings.

B. Incorrect. Sitting in high Fowler's position during feeding is actually a preventive measure against aspiration.

C. Correct. his factor increases the risk for aspiration. Clients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are more prone to refluxing contents from the stomach into the esophagus, which can lead to aspiration, especially during or after feedings.

D. Incorrect. The osmolarity of the formula might affect tolerance but is not directly related to aspiration risk.

A. Correct. Measuring gastric residual volumes every 4 hours is important to assess gastric emptying and to determine if the client can tolerate the feedings. If residuals are high, it may indicate delayed gastric emptying and the need to adjust the feeding rate.

B. Incorrect. While flushing the NG tube before and after medications is important to maintain patency, it is typically done with sterile water, not sodium chloride, unless otherwise specified by a protocol. Therefore, this statement may not be fully accurate.

C. Incorrect. The head of the bed should be elevated to a 30-45° angle to help prevent aspiration during enteral feedings.

D. Incorrect. The rate of the feeding should be advanced gradually to prevent overloading the client's gastrointestinal tract. This does not involve advancing the rate every 2 hours.