A nurse is providing preoperative teaching to an older adult client who is scheduled for surgery.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to promote learning?
Use a 12-point font when printing written materials for the client.
Present the information to the client using abstract concepts.
Connect new information with the client's past experiences.
Speak loudly when addressing the client.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Using a 12-point font when printing written materials is helpful for readability, especially for individuals with visual impairments. However, this action alone does not necessarily promote meaningful learning. The content and presentation style are equally important.
Choice B rationale:
Presenting information using abstract concepts can be confusing, especially for older adults. Using concrete examples and simple language facilitates better understanding. Abstract concepts are more challenging to grasp, especially for individuals who might be experiencing cognitive decline.
Choice C rationale:
Connecting new information with the client's past experiences enhances learning and retention. Relating new knowledge to familiar situations or memories helps create cognitive associations, making it easier for the client to understand and remember the information. This technique is particularly effective in promoting learning among older adults.
Choice D rationale:
Speaking loudly when addressing the client is unnecessary and can be perceived as rude or patronizing. Clear and audible speech is essential, but shouting or raising the volume excessively is not respectful and does not enhance the learning experience.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Improved short-term memory. Donepezil is a medication used to treat Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. It works by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain that are involved in memory, thinking, and reasoning. Therefore, improved short-term memory is an indication that the medication is effective, as it suggests enhanced cognitive function in the client.
Choice B rationale:
Enhanced mood. While improved mood can be a positive outcome of treating dementia, it is not the primary goal of donepezil therapy. The main focus is on cognitive improvement, particularly in memory and thinking skills. Enhanced mood alone may not be a reliable indicator of the medication's effectiveness in this context.
Choice C rationale:
Can perform ADLs independently. The ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) independently is an important aspect of a patient's overall well-being. However, this improvement may not solely be attributed to the effects of donepezil. Other factors, such as rehabilitation or support services, can also contribute to the patient's ability to perform ADLs. While it is a positive outcome, it is not a specific indication of donepezil's effectiveness.
Choice D rationale:
Increased food intake. Increased food intake is not a direct effect of donepezil. Donepezil does not have a primary role in regulating appetite or food intake. Therefore, this finding is not a reliable indicator of the medication's effectiveness in treating dementia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Since I retired, I have entered many gardening competitions." This statement indicates compensation as a defense mechanism. Compensation involves emphasizing personal strengths in one area to shift focus from failure or weakness in another. In this case, the client is finding fulfillment and recognition in gardening competitions after retiring, compensating for the loss of work-related identity.
Choice B rationale:
Expressing relief about retirement due to negative work experiences doesn’t necessarily indicate compensation. It could be a coping mechanism, but it doesn't align with the compensation defense mechanism, which involves overachieving in one area to compensate for deficiencies in another.
Choice C rationale:
Choice D rationale:
Journaling about career accomplishments after layoffs indicates sublimation, not compensation. Sublimation is a defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses or behaviors are transformed into socially acceptable actions or pursuits, like channeling frustration or disappointment into creative or productive activities such as journaling.
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