A nurse is providing education about the common causes of polyuria to a client who has a urinary alteration. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"Polyuria can be caused by using antidepressants."
"Polyuria can be caused by enlargement of the prostate gland."
"Polyuria can be caused by drinking too much fluid."
"Polyuria can be caused by trauma to the lower urinary tract."
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Polyuria can be caused by using antidepressants.": Antidepressants are more commonly associated with urinary retention or hesitancy rather than polyuria, so this statement reflects a misunderstanding of the typical causes.
B. "Polyuria can be caused by enlargement of the prostate gland.": Prostate enlargement usually causes urinary retention, difficulty initiating urination, or nocturia, rather than excessive urine output.
C. "Polyuria can be caused by drinking too much fluid.": Excessive fluid intake increases urine production, which is a common and direct cause of polyuria. This reflects an accurate understanding of one of the typical mechanisms leading to increased urine output.
D. "Polyuria can be caused by trauma to the lower urinary tract.": Trauma is more likely to result in hematuria, pain, or retention, not necessarily polyuria. This statement does not accurately reflect a common cause of excessive urination.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Increased creatinine: Chronic kidney disease reduces the kidneys’ ability to filter waste products effectively, causing creatinine to accumulate in the blood. Elevated creatinine is a key indicator of declining renal function and is expected in this condition.
B. Increased calcium: Clients with chronic kidney disease often have decreased calcium levels due to impaired vitamin D activation and phosphate retention. Increased calcium would be unusual unless the client is receiving supplementation.
C. Increased bicarbonate: Metabolic acidosis is common in chronic kidney disease because the kidneys cannot adequately excrete hydrogen ions or reabsorb bicarbonate. This typically results in decreased, not increased, bicarbonate levels in the blood.
D. Increased hemoglobin: Anemia frequently occurs in chronic kidney disease due to reduced erythropoietin production by the kidneys. This leads to lower hemoglobin levels, so an increase would not be expected unless treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Both fontanels are the same size: Fontanels differ in size and shape; the anterior is larger and diamond-shaped, while the posterior is smaller and triangular. Expecting them to be the same size is inaccurate.
B. The anterior fontanel is open: The anterior fontanel typically remains open until about 12–18 months of age. At 8 months, an open anterior fontanel is an expected finding and indicates normal skull development.
C. The posterior fontanel is open: The posterior fontanel usually closes by 6–8 weeks of age. An open posterior fontanel at 8 months may indicate delayed closure and should be evaluated further.
D. Both fontanels show molding: Molding refers to overlapping of cranial bones during birth. At 8 months, molding should no longer be present; its presence is not a normal finding at this age.
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