A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has dementia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

Reinforce orientation to time, place, and person.

Allow the client to choose among a variety of activities each day.

Give the client one simple direction at a time.

Establish eye contact when communicating with the client.

Refute the client's delusions using logic.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Correct. Reinforcing orientation to time, place, and person helps ground the client in reality, even if their memory is impaired.

B. Incorrect. While it's important to provide the client with some choices, too many options can be overwhelming and confusing.

C. Correct. Providing one simple direction at a time helps prevent confusion and frustration for clients with dementia.

D. Correct. Establishing eye contact while communicating can enhance the client's focus and understanding.

E. Incorrect. It's generally not effective to try to refute a client's delusions using logic.

Redirecting or validating their feelings might be more appropriate.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Correct. The child should be instructed to blow into the peak expiratory flow meter as hard and quickly as possible to achieve maximal effort. This provides an accurate measure of peak expiratory flow, which is important in assessing asthma control.
B. Incorrect. The child's body position during testing does not typically affect the accuracy of peak expiratory flow measurements.
C. Incorrect. While recording the average of multiple readings over time is important, the child needs to understand how to perform a single accurate reading first.
D. Incorrect. The tongue is not usually involved in the use of a peak expiratory flow meter.
The child should place their lips tightly around the mouthpiece to create a seal while blowing forcefully into the device.

A. Take on an empty stomach. B. Schedule dosage at bedtime. C. Increase dietary calcium. D. Monitor for weight loss.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Prednisone should generally be taken with food or after a meal to reduce the risk of gastric irritation or ulcer formation. Taking it on an empty stomach can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers.

B. While some medications are best taken at bedtime (such as those with sedative effects), prednisone is a corticosteroid that can affect the body's circadian rhythm and may interfere with sleep. It typically causes insomnia or restlessness, so it’s usually advised to take it in the morning.

C. Prednisone and other corticosteroids can lead to bone loss (osteoporosis) over time, especially with long-term use. One of the side effects of corticosteroid therapy is decreased calcium absorption and bone density loss, making individuals at higher risk for fractures.

D. Prednisone more commonly causes weight gain rather than weight loss. Corticosteroids increase appetite and can lead to fluid retention, both of which can result in weight gain. Additionally, prednisone can cause redistribution of fat, often leading to characteristic side effects like "moon face" or increased abdominal fat.

B. Incorrect. Prednisone is often prescribed as a single daily dose in the morning to coincide with the body's natural cortisol release.

C. Incorrect. While calcium supplementation might be necessary for some individuals on long-term prednisone therapy, it is not a primary instruction related to taking prednisone.

D. Correct. Monitoring for weight loss is important due to the potential for weight changes (both weight gain and weight loss) as a result of prednisone's effects on metabolism and appetite.

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A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has dementia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is instructing a school-age child who has asthma about the use of a peak expiratory flow meter. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is planning to teach a client about taking prednisone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted with pneumonia. Vital signs include: heart rate 122 beats/minute, respiratory rate 28 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 170/90 mmHg. Which assessment finding warrants the most immediate intervention by the nurse?

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