A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select All that Apply.)

Take small bites of food.

Liquids should be thickened.

Sit slightly forward when eating.

Chew food thoroughly before swallowing.

Avoid having conversations while eating.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Take small bites of food: Taking small bites of food is important for clients with Parkinson's disease to reduce the risk of choking and aspiration. It allows better control of swallowing and reduces the likelihood of difficulty swallowing, which is common in Parkinson’s disease due to dysphagia (swallowing difficulty).
B. Liquids should be thickened: While thickening liquids is often recommended for clients with swallowing difficulties, it is not universally required for all Parkinson's patients. It would depend on the specific swallowing assessment and the client’s condition. Therefore, this is not an essential recommendation for every client.
C. Sit slightly forward when eating: Sitting slightly forward helps clients with Parkinson's disease improve their swallowing and reduce the risk of aspiration. This posture encourages a safer swallowing reflex and reduces the likelihood of food or liquids going into the airway.
D. Chew food thoroughly before swallowing: Thoroughly chewing food is vital for clients with Parkinson’s disease because it reduces the risk of choking and aspiration. This allows the food to break down into smaller pieces, making it easier to swallow and less likely to cause blockages in the throat.
E. Avoid having conversations while eating: While it is important to focus on eating to prevent choking, there is no strict guideline that clients with Parkinson’s must avoid conversation entirely. Talking while eating may be challenging for some, but it is not universally harmful. However, the client should be reminded to focus on swallowing to prevent aspiration.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Blood vessels constrict: In anaphylaxis, blood vessels typically dilate rather than constrict. Vasodilation, especially in peripheral vessels, contributes to a rapid drop in blood pressure and impaired tissue perfusion.
B. Blood pressure increases: Anaphylaxis causes systemic vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, leading to significant hypotension. Blood pressure decreases, not increases, during an anaphylactic reaction.
C. White blood cells are destroyed: White blood cells are not destroyed during anaphylaxis. Instead, mast cells and basophils are activated and release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, triggering the allergic response.
D. Blood vessels become more permeable: Histamine release during anaphylaxis increases capillary permeability, allowing fluid to leak into tissues. This leads to swelling (e.g., angioedema), hypotension, and in severe cases, circulatory collapse.

A. Respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated B. Metabolic acidosis, partially compensated C. Respiratory acidosis, fully compensated D. Metabolic acidosis, fully compensated

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated: pH is low normal (7.35), and the bicarbonate (HCO3-) level is low (21 mEq/L), indicating metabolic acidosis, not respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis would present with a high pH and low PaCO2.
B. Metabolic acidosis, partially compensated: The pH is slightly acidic (7.35), and the bicarbonate level is low (21 mEq/L), indicating metabolic acidosis. The PaCO2 level is normal, suggesting partial compensation by the respiratory system, but the body has not fully compensated for the acidosis yet.
C. Respiratory acidosis, fully compensated: Respiratory acidosis would present with an elevated PaCO2 and a low pH, which is not the case here. The PaCO2 is normal at 40 mmHg, so this option is incorrect.
D. Metabolic acidosis, fully compensated: While the client does have metabolic acidosis, the respiratory system has not fully compensated for the acidosis, as evidenced by the normal PaCO2 level. Therefore, the compensation is partial, not full.

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A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has a peanut allergy. The client ate peanut butter and is now experiencing anaphylaxis. Which of the following physiological responses should the nurse-expect to occur?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results show a pH of 7.35, PaCO2 of 40 mmHg, and HCO3- of 21 mEq/L. What type of acid-base imbalance is present and how would you classify it?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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