A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory results and sees that their hemoglobin A1C is 9%. Which of the following statements from the nurse is appropriate?

"Your blood sugar is very unstable."

"Your blood sugar is too high after meals."

"Your average blood sugar is high."

"You have many dangerously low blood sugar levels."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Your blood sugar is very unstable." While high HbA1C levels can indicate poor glucose control, they do not specifically indicate instability in blood sugar levels (i.e., frequent fluctuations between high and low levels). HbA1C does not capture short-term variations in blood glucose; it only provides an average over a few months.

B. "Your blood sugar is too high after meals." Although postprandial (after-meal) glucose levels contribute to overall blood glucose levels, HbA1C measures the average blood glucose level over several months and is not specific to postprandial glucose levels. A high HbA1C suggests elevated glucose levels overall, not just after meals.

C. "Your average blood sugar is high." HbA1C measures the average blood sugar level over an extended period, typically 2-3 months. A result of 9% indicates that the client's average blood glucose levels have been consistently high, suggesting poor long-term glucose control. This is a precise and appropriate statement reflecting the meaning of the HbA1C result.

D. "You have many dangerously low blood sugar levels." A high HbA1C indicates elevated blood glucose levels over time, not low levels. Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) would not contribute to a high HbA1C. In fact, frequent hypoglycemia would more likely result in a lower HbA1C, not a higher one.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Sweat chloride test: The sweat chloride test is the gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis. A high level of chloride in the sweat confirms the diagnosis, as individuals with cystic fibrosis have defective chloride channels that result in excessive chloride and sodium in their sweat.

B. A stool fat content analysis: While stool fat content analysis can indicate malabsorption issues, which are common in cystic fibrosis, it does not definitively diagnose the condition. It is more useful for evaluating pancreatic function.

C. A sputum culture: A sputum culture can identify specific respiratory infections common in cystic fibrosis patients, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but it does not diagnose the underlying condition.

D. Pulmonary function tests: Pulmonary function tests can assess lung function and help monitor the progression of cystic fibrosis, but they do not confirm the diagnosis.

A. Bradycardia B. Polyphagia C. Hyperglycemia D. Dehydration

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Bradycardia: Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus usually involves dehydration, which can lead to tachycardia (fast heart rate) as the body attempts to maintain adequate blood flow despite low fluid volume.

B. Polyphagia: Polyphagia, or excessive hunger, is typically a symptom of diabetes mellitus due to hyperglycemia. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive urination and thirst, not increased hunger.

C. Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia is related to diabetes mellitus. Diabetes insipidus involves a problem with antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leading to excessive urine production and dehydration, not issues with blood sugar levels.

D. Dehydration: Dehydration is a primary concern in diabetes insipidus because of the excessive loss of water through urine. Patients are unable to concentrate their urine due to a deficiency in ADH or renal resistance to it, leading to significant fluid loss and dehydration.

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A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory results and sees that their hemoglobin A1C is 9%. Which of the following statements from the nurse is appropriate?

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