A nurse is providing care for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings are manifestations of hyponatremia?
(Select All that Apply.)

Urine specific gravity of 1.010 (1.005 - 1.03)

Respiratory alkalosis

Diarrhea

Confusion

Diminished reflexes

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : D,E

A. Urine specific gravity of 1.010 (1.005 - 1.03): A urine specific gravity of 1.010 is within the normal range and does not indicate the concentrated urine typically seen in SIADH. Therefore, it is not associated with hyponatremia in SIADH.

B. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis is related to an imbalance in carbon dioxide levels, not directly to sodium levels. It is not a manifestation of hyponatremia or SIADH.

C. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not a direct manifestation of hyponatremia. While it can cause electrolyte imbalances, hyponatremia in SIADH is more related to water retention and dilution of sodium.

D. Confusion: Confusion is a common neurological symptom of hyponatremia due to the osmotic imbalance affecting brain cells. This is often seen in clients with SIADH as low sodium levels affect brain function.

E. Diminished reflexes: Diminished reflexes can occur in hyponatremia as it affects neuromuscular function, leading to decreased responsiveness of the nervous system. This can be observed in clients with SIADH.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Purple striations: Purple striations are characteristic of Cushing's syndrome due to prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol. They are not associated with Addison's disease, which involves adrenal insufficiency and low cortisol levels.

B. Hirsutism: Hirsutism, or excessive hair growth, is not a feature of Addison's disease. It is more commonly associated with conditions involving high androgen levels, such as polycystic ovary syndrome or Cushing's syndrome.

C. Intention tremors: Intention tremors are associated with neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis or essential tremor, not Addison's disease. Addison's primarily affects hormone levels and fluid balance.

D. Hyperpigmentation: Hyperpigmentation, particularly in areas like the skin creases, gums, and around scars, is a hallmark sign of Addison's disease. It is due to increased production of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) as a result of elevated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

A. Administering a nebulized beta-adrenergic B. Initiating oxygen therapy C. Providing immediate rest for the client D. Positioning the client in high-Fowler's

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Administering a nebulized beta-adrenergic: Administering a nebulized beta-adrenergic agonist (such as albuterol) is the highest priority because it rapidly opens the airways by relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle. This intervention is crucial for immediate relief of bronchospasm and improving ventilation during an asthma exacerbation.

B. Initiating oxygen therapy: While oxygen therapy is important for maintaining adequate oxygenation, it does not address the underlying bronchoconstriction. Therefore, it is secondary to bronchodilator administration in terms of priority.

C. Providing immediate rest for the client: Rest is important, but it is not an immediate priority in an acute asthma exacerbation. The primary focus should be on improving airway patency and breathing.

D. Positioning the client in high-Fowler's: Positioning the client in high-Fowler's position can help facilitate breathing and maximize lung expansion, but it does not address the acute bronchospasm. Thus, it is a supportive measure rather than the highest priority.

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A nurse is providing care for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings are manifestations of hyponatremia? (Select All that Apply.)

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A nurse is providing care for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings are manifestations of hyponatremia?
(Select All that Apply.)