A nurse is providing care for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings are manifestations of hyponatremia?
(Select All that Apply.)
Urine specific gravity of 1.010 (1.005 - 1.03)
Respiratory alkalosis
Diarrhea
Confusion
Diminished reflexes
Correct Answer : D,E
A. Urine specific gravity of 1.010 (1.005 - 1.03): A urine specific gravity of 1.010 is within the normal range and does not indicate the concentrated urine typically seen in SIADH. Therefore, it is not associated with hyponatremia in SIADH.
B. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis is related to an imbalance in carbon dioxide levels, not directly to sodium levels. It is not a manifestation of hyponatremia or SIADH.
C. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not a direct manifestation of hyponatremia. While it can cause electrolyte imbalances, hyponatremia in SIADH is more related to water retention and dilution of sodium.
D. Confusion: Confusion is a common neurological symptom of hyponatremia due to the osmotic imbalance affecting brain cells. This is often seen in clients with SIADH as low sodium levels affect brain function.
E. Diminished reflexes: Diminished reflexes can occur in hyponatremia as it affects neuromuscular function, leading to decreased responsiveness of the nervous system. This can be observed in clients with SIADH.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 4 oz diet soda: Diet soda contains artificial sweeteners, not real sugar, and therefore will not effectively raise blood glucose levels. It's not suitable for treating hypoglycemia.
B. 1 tsp sugar: While 1 tsp of sugar can provide some glucose, the amount is insufficient to treat hypoglycemia effectively. The American Diabetes Association recommends 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, which is equivalent to about 4 teaspoons of sugar, not 1.
C. 4 oz skim milk: Skim milk contains both carbohydrates (approximately 12 grams of carbohydrates per 8 oz, so 4 oz would provide around 6 grams) and protein. While it can help raise blood glucose, it may not provide the recommended 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates to treat hypoglycemia quickly enough.
D. Graham crackers: Foods with a high glycemic index (GI), such as graham crackers, can cause blood sugar levels to rise relatively quickly. Graham crackers, being high in refined carbohydrates, can indeed result in a rapid increase in blood glucose levels compared to low-GI foods.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Empyema: Empyema refers to the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity, not a type of pneumonia. It is usually a complication of pneumonia rather than a description of the pneumonia itself.
B. Bronchopneumonia: Bronchopneumonia involves patchy consolidation that is usually scattered throughout the lung fields, not confined to a single lobe. It affects the bronchi and surrounding lung parenchyma.
C. Severe pneumonia: The term "severe pneumonia" describes the severity of the disease but does not specify the pattern of consolidation. It does not indicate whether the consolidation is lobar or patchy.
D. Lobar pneumonia: Lobar pneumonia is characterized by consolidation that involves an entire lobe of the lung. It typically presents with homogenous radiographic opacification of one or more lobes, often caused by pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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