A nurse is providing care for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings are manifestations of hyponatremia?
(Select All that Apply.)

Urine specific gravity of 1.010 (1.005 - 1.03)

Respiratory alkalosis

Diarrhea

Confusion

Diminished reflexes

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : D,E

A. Urine specific gravity of 1.010 (1.005 - 1.03): A urine specific gravity of 1.010 is within the normal range and does not indicate the concentrated urine typically seen in SIADH. Therefore, it is not associated with hyponatremia in SIADH.

B. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis is related to an imbalance in carbon dioxide levels, not directly to sodium levels. It is not a manifestation of hyponatremia or SIADH.

C. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not a direct manifestation of hyponatremia. While it can cause electrolyte imbalances, hyponatremia in SIADH is more related to water retention and dilution of sodium.

D. Confusion: Confusion is a common neurological symptom of hyponatremia due to the osmotic imbalance affecting brain cells. This is often seen in clients with SIADH as low sodium levels affect brain function.

E. Diminished reflexes: Diminished reflexes can occur in hyponatremia as it affects neuromuscular function, leading to decreased responsiveness of the nervous system. This can be observed in clients with SIADH.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Bradycardia: Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus usually involves dehydration, which can lead to tachycardia (fast heart rate) as the body attempts to maintain adequate blood flow despite low fluid volume.

B. Polyphagia: Polyphagia, or excessive hunger, is typically a symptom of diabetes mellitus due to hyperglycemia. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive urination and thirst, not increased hunger.

C. Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia is related to diabetes mellitus. Diabetes insipidus involves a problem with antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leading to excessive urine production and dehydration, not issues with blood sugar levels.

D. Dehydration: Dehydration is a primary concern in diabetes insipidus because of the excessive loss of water through urine. Patients are unable to concentrate their urine due to a deficiency in ADH or renal resistance to it, leading to significant fluid loss and dehydration.

A. Empyema B. Bronchopneumonia C. Severe pneumonia D. Lobar pneumonia

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Empyema: Empyema refers to the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity, not a type of pneumonia. It is usually a complication of pneumonia rather than a description of the pneumonia itself.

B. Bronchopneumonia: Bronchopneumonia involves patchy consolidation that is usually scattered throughout the lung fields, not confined to a single lobe. It affects the bronchi and surrounding lung parenchyma.

C. Severe pneumonia: The term "severe pneumonia" describes the severity of the disease but does not specify the pattern of consolidation. It does not indicate whether the consolidation is lobar or patchy.

D. Lobar pneumonia: Lobar pneumonia is characterized by consolidation that involves an entire lobe of the lung. It typically presents with homogenous radiographic opacification of one or more lobes, often caused by pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.

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A nurse is providing care for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings are manifestations of hyponatremia? (Select All that Apply.)

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A nurse is providing care for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings are manifestations of hyponatremia?
(Select All that Apply.)