A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client diagnosed with infective endocarditis with vegetation on the tricuspid valve. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Avoid sick contacts

You will require prophylactic antibiotics prior to dental procedures.

You can discontinue your antibiotics once you start feeling better.

Avoid physical activity for the next six months to allow your heart to heal completely.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Avoiding sick contacts is generally a good practice, but it is not the primary concern for a client with infective endocarditis. The focus is on preventing bacterial infections that could enter the bloodstream and affect the heart valves.
B. Prophylactic antibiotics are required before dental and invasive procedures to prevent bacterial endocarditis recurrence. The bacteria that cause infective endocarditis can enter the bloodstream through procedures that involve mucosal surfaces.
C. Discontinuing antibiotics when feeling better is incorrect. Infective endocarditis requires a full course of IV antibiotics, often lasting 4 to 6 weeks, to fully eradicate the infection and prevent complications.
D. Avoiding physical activity for six months is unnecessary unless the client has severe cardiac complications. However, clients should monitor for symptoms such as fatigue and consult their provider before engaging in strenuous activities.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypertensive crisis is not a direct complication of atrial fibrillation. It is typically caused by uncontrolled hypertension rather than arrhythmias.
B. Cardiogenic shock can occur in severe heart failure but is not a primary complication of atrial fibrillation.
C. Embolic cerebral vascular accident (stroke) is a major risk for clients with atrial fibrillation. The irregular atrial contractions allow blood to pool in the atria, increasing the risk of clot formation. If a clot dislodges, it can travel to the brain and cause a stroke.
D. Flash pulmonary edema is a complication of acute decompensated heart failure but is not directly caused by atrial fibrillation.

A. NSTEMI B. Stable Angina C. Unstable Angina D. STEMI

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) does not present with ST-segment elevation on the ECG. Instead, it shows ST-segment depression or T-wave inversion and is diagnosed with elevated cardiac biomarkers.
B. Stable angina is predictable chest pain that occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. It does not cause acute ECG changes.
C. Unstable angina is characterized by chest pain that occurs at rest or with minimal exertion and is not relieved by nitroglycerin. However, it does not show ST-segment elevation or myocardial infarction markers.
D. STEMI (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) is diagnosed when there is ST-segment elevation in two or more contiguous ECG leads, indicating complete occlusion of a coronary artery and requiring immediate intervention such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or thrombolytic therapy.

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A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client diagnosed with infective endocarditis with vegetation on the tricuspid valve. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The client reports feeling palpitations and shortness of breath. The nurse is aware that clients with atrial fibrillation are at risk for which complication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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