A nurse is providing discharge information to a client who has Parkinson's disease and their family members. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the discharge information?
(Select All that Apply.)
Encourage the client to walk regularly.
Provide the client with fresh fruits and vegetables.
Restrict fluids to 800 mL/day.
Minimize exposure to outside activities.
Teach the client how to use a walker.
Correct Answer : A,B,E
Choice A Reason:
Encouraging the client to walk regularly is appropriate. Regular exercise, including walking, can help improve mobility, balance, and overall physical function in individuals with Parkinson's disease. It can also help alleviate symptoms such as stiffness and tremors.
Choice B Reason:
Providing the client with fresh fruits and vegetables is appropriate. A healthy diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables provides essential nutrients, antioxidants, and fiber, which can support overall health and well-being. While diet alone does not directly treat Parkinson's disease, maintaining a nutritious diet is important for overall health.
Choice C Reason:
Restricting fluids to 800 mL/day is inappropriate. Fluid restriction is not typically indicated for individuals with Parkinson's disease unless they have a specific medical condition such as heart failure or kidney disease, which may require fluid restriction as part of their management plan. Restricting fluids excessively can lead to dehydration, which can worsen symptoms such as fatigue, confusion, and constipation, common in Parkinson's disease. Adequate hydration is important for overall health and well-being, including maintaining proper kidney function and preventing urinary tract infections, which individuals with Parkinson's disease may be susceptible to due to urinary retention issues.
Choice D Reason:
Minimizing exposure to outside activities is inappropriate. While it's important for individuals with Parkinson's disease to take precautions to avoid falls and injuries, completely restricting exposure to outside activities is not necessary or advisable. Physical activity, social engagement, and exposure to sunlight are beneficial for both physical and mental health. Encouraging individuals with Parkinson's disease to remain engaged in activities they enjoy, with appropriate safety measures in place, can help maintain their quality of life and overall well-being.
Choice E Reason:
Teaching the client how to use a walker is inappropriate. Assistive devices such as walkers can help individuals with Parkinson's disease maintain mobility and independence, especially if they experience gait disturbances or balance problems. Teaching the client how to use a walker safely and effectively can enhance their quality of life and reduce the risk of falls.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Prothrombin time (PT) is a laboratory test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot is incorrect. While PT may be part of a comprehensive evaluation in some cases, it is not typically the initial diagnostic test performed for a TIA. A TIA is caused by a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, often due to an embolus or transient blockage in a cerebral artery, rather than a primary disorder of blood clotting.
Choice B Reason:
Complete blood count (CBC) is incorrect. A complete blood count (CBC) is a common laboratory test that evaluates the cellular components of the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. While CBC can provide valuable information about hematological conditions such as anemia or thrombocytosis, it is not specific to diagnosing the cause of a TIA. TIA is primarily a vascular event related to transient ischemia in the brain rather than a disorder of blood cell counts.
Choice C Reason:
Computerized tomography angiography (CTA) is appropriate. CTA is a non-invasive imaging test that combines computed tomography (CT) scanning with contrast dye to visualize blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the brain. CTA can help identify any blockages, narrowing, or abnormalities in the blood vessels supplying the brain, which may be contributing to the TIA. It provides detailed images of the blood vessels' structure and can help guide further management and treatment decisions.
Choice D Reason:
Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is inappropriate. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is an imaging test that provides detailed images of the heart and major blood vessels using sound waves. While TEE may be indicated in some cases of TIA to evaluate for potential cardiac sources of emboli (blood clots), such as atrial fibrillation or cardiac valve abnormalities, it is not typically the first-line diagnostic test performed in the emergency department setting for evaluating a TIA. Initial imaging studies such as CTA or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain are usually prioritized to assess for acute changes in cerebral blood flow and potential causes of the TIA.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Decreased blood pressure is correct. Decreased blood pressure (hypotension) is the priority finding to monitor for because it is indicative of a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening condition that can lead to shock, organ failure, and death if not promptly treated. Hypotension in the context of an allergic reaction suggests widespread vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.
Choice B Reason:
Stomach pain is incorrect. Stomach pain may indicate gastrointestinal distress or adverse effects of the antibiotic, but it is not typically as immediately life-threatening as decreased blood pressure in the context of anaphylaxis. While abdominal pain should not be ignored, it is not the priority finding when assessing for signs of anaphylaxis.
Choice C Reason:
Urticaria is incorrect. Urticaria, also known as hives, is a common allergic reaction characterized by raised, itchy welts on the skin. While urticaria can be uncomfortable and distressing, it is not immediately life-threatening. However, urticaria may be a precursor to more severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, so it is still important to monitor closely.
Choice D Reason:
Lightheadedness is incorrect. Lightheadedness may occur as a result of hypotension in the context of anaphylaxis, but it is not as critical as directly monitoring blood pressure. Lightheadedness may also be caused by other factors, such as anxiety or dehydration, and may not always indicate a severe allergic reaction. While it is important to assess for lightheadedness and monitor the client's overall condition, it is not the priority finding compared to decreased blood pressure.
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