Which of the following information should the nurse include when educating a client who has pulmonary edema as a result of a pre-existing cardiac

condition?
(Select All that Apply.)

Weight control if the client's BMI is greater than 35

Healthy lifestyle

Smoking cessation

Heart disease prevention

Glycemic control if the client is diabetic

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E

Choice A Reason:

Weight control if the client's BMI is greater than 35 is correct. Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can exacerbate symptoms of heart failure. Weight control, particularly if the client's BMI is greater than 35, is important for managing cardiac conditions such as heart failure and reducing the risk of pulmonary edema.

Choice B Reason:

Healthy lifestyle is correct. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, balanced diet, adequate hydration, and stress management, is essential for managing cardiac conditions and reducing the risk of complications such as pulmonary edema.

Choice C Reason:

Smoking cessation is correct. Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can worsen heart failure symptoms. Smoking cessation is crucial for managing cardiac conditions and reducing the risk of pulmonary edema and other complications.

Choice D Reason:

Heart disease prevention is correct. Providing information about heart disease prevention strategies, such as maintaining a healthy diet, managing blood pressure and cholesterol levels, regular exercise, and regular medical check-ups, can help reduce the risk of exacerbations and complications in clients with pre-existing cardiac conditions.

Choice E Reason:

Glycemic control if the client is diabetic is correct. Diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can contribute to the development and progression of heart failure. Glycemic control, along with lifestyle modifications and medication management, is important for managing diabetes and reducing the risk of complications such as pulmonary edema.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Hypoxemia due to dead space is not appropriate. Dead space refers to areas of the lung where ventilation occurs but no perfusion takes place. In ARDS, hypoxemia typically occurs due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and shunting rather than dead space.

Choice B Reason:

Impaired carbon dioxide elimination due to shunting is not appropriate. Shunting occurs when blood bypasses ventilated alveoli, leading to inadequate gas exchange. In ARDS, shunting contributes to hypoxemia, but it doesn't directly impair carbon dioxide elimination.

Choice C Reason:

Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch is incorrect. V/Q mismatch occurs when ventilation and perfusion are mismatched in different areas of the lung. This leads to areas of low ventilation (dead space) and areas of low perfusion (shunting). V/Q mismatch contributes to hypoxemia in ARDS but does not typically lead to decreased pulmonary arterial pressure.

Choice D Reason:

Decreased pulmonary compliance due to stiffness is correct. This is a characteristic feature of ARDS. The inflammation and damage to the alveoli cause them to become stiff, reducing pulmonary compliance and impairing lung expansion during ventilation.

A. "Cerebral edema is caused by osmotic cerebral edema." B. "Cerebral edema is caused by whole body inflammation which affects the brain the most." C. "Cerebral edema is caused by the by-products of the pathogen that causes the meningitis." D. "Cerebral edema is caused by cerebrospinal fluid flowing from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area of the brain."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A.Osmotic edema refers to fluid shifts due to changes in osmotic gradients (as seen in conditions like hyponatremia), not the inflammatory process of meningitis.

B.While inflammation is a key part of the body's response in meningitis, the edema is not a result of generalized whole-body inflammation. The edema is more directly linked to local inflammatory reactions in the brain triggered by the pathogen’s by-products.

C.Bacterial cell walls, endotoxins, and other components released by the bacteria directly stimulate inflammation, causing the breakdown of the BBB and allowing fluid and inflammatory cells to leak into the brain tissue.

D.This description is more aligned with the pathophysiology of conditions like hydrocephalus rather than meningitis. In meningitis, cerebral edema is primarily due to the inflammatory response, not abnormal CSF flow.

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Which of the following information should the nurse include when educating a client who has pulmonary edema as a result of a pre-existing cardiac condition? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Which of the following information should the nurse include when educating a client who has pulmonary edema as a result of a pre-existing cardiac

condition?
(Select All that Apply.)