In which of the following types of pneumonia does consolidation involve the entire lobe of the lung?

Bronchopneumonia

Severe pneumonia

Empyema

Lobar pneumonia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A Reason:

Bronchopneumonia is incorrect. Bronchopneumonia is characterized by patchy areas of consolidation involving multiple lobules scattered throughout the lungs. It typically results from bronchial obstruction and aspiration of infected material into the smaller airways and alveoli.

Choice B Reason:

Severe pneumonia is incorrect. "Severe pneumonia" is a broad term that can refer to pneumonia with various degrees of severity. It does not specifically describe the pattern of consolidation involving the entire lobe of the lung.

Choice C Reason:

Empyema is incorrect. Empyema refers to the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity, often as a complication of pneumonia. It does not describe the pattern of consolidation within the lung tissue.

Choice D Reason:

Lobar pneumonia is correct. Lobar pneumonia is characterized by consolidation involving an entire lobe or lobes of the lung. It typically results from infection by a single pathogen, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, which leads to inflammation and consolidation of an entire lobe of the lung.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

COPD is a chronic lung condition characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Individuals with COPD often have underlying structural lung changes, such as emphysematous bullae or blebs. These areas of weakened lung tissue are prone to rupture, leading to the development of pneumothorax. Additionally, the chronic inflammation and damage to the airways and lung parenchyma in COPD contribute to the development of pneumothorax.

Choice B Reason:

Sarcoidosis is incorrect. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease that primarily affects the lungs and lymph nodes. While it can cause lung damage and lead to pneumothorax, it is less common than COPD as a comorbidity associated with SSP.

Choice C Reason:

Lung cancer is incorrect. Lung cancer can lead to pneumothorax, especially if the tumor erodes into the pleural space. However, SSP is more commonly associated with underlying lung diseases like COPD rather than lung cancer.

Choice D Reason:

Cystic fibrosis is incorrect. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal mucus production and impaired clearance in various organs, including the lungs. While individuals with cystic fibrosis are at increased risk of pneumothorax due to underlying lung disease, SSP is less commonly seen in this population compared to COPD.

A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B. Laminectomy C. Hysterectomy D. Hyperthyroidism

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is inappropriate.COPD is a chronic lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. While COPD does not directly cause spinal stenosis, some individuals with COPD may have comorbidities or risk factors, such as osteoporosis or degenerative changes in the spine, which can contribute to spinal stenosis.

Choice B Reason:

Laminectomy is appropriate. A laminectomy is a surgical procedure used to decompress the spinal cord or nerves by removing the lamina (back part of the vertebra). While a laminectomy can be a treatment option for spinal stenosis, it is not a risk factor for developing the condition.

Choice C Reason:

Hysterectomy is inappropriate. Hysterectomy, the surgical removal of the uterus, is not directly associated with spinal stenosis. However, certain conditions or factors leading to a hysterectomy, such as pelvic tumors or endometriosis, may indirectly contribute to spinal stenosis if they cause changes in the spine or affect posture.

Choice D Reason:

Hyperthyroidism is appropriate. Hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones, is not a known risk factor for spinal stenosis.

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In which of the following types of pneumonia does consolidation involve the entire lobe of the lung?

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