A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis and reports a tightening feeling around their torso. Which of the following conditions should the nurse recognize this finding indicates?

Lhermitte's sign

Trigeminal neuralgia

MS hug

Paroxysmal spasms

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Lhermitte's sign:

Lhermitte's sign is a neurological symptom characterized by a sensation of electric shock-like pain that radiates down the spine and into the limbs, typically triggered by flexing the neck forward. It is often described as shooting or stabbing pain and is commonly associated with lesions or damage to the cervical spinal cord. Lhermitte's sign is not associated with a tightening sensation around the torso but rather with shooting pain down the spine and limbs.

B. Trigeminal neuralgia:

Trigeminal neuralgia is a neurological condition characterized by severe, shooting pain along the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensation to the face. The pain is typically triggered by activities such as chewing, speaking, or touching the face. Trigeminal neuralgia causes sudden, intense, electric shock-like pain in the face, particularly in the areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve (e.g., cheek, jaw, forehead). It is not associated with a tightening sensation around the torso.

C. MS hug:

The "MS hug" is a symptom experienced by some individuals with multiple sclerosis, characterized by a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing around the chest, abdomen, or torso. It can feel like a band tightening around the body and may be described as a constricting or girdling sensation. The MS hug is caused by spasms or tightening of the muscles surrounding the rib cage or the intercostal muscles due to damage to the nerves that control muscle function in MS.

D. Paroxysmal spasms:

Paroxysmal spasms refer to sudden, involuntary muscle contractions or spasms that occur intermittently. These spasms can affect various parts of the body and are commonly associated with conditions like multiple sclerosis. However, they typically present as brief, sudden contractions rather than a persistent tightening sensation around the torso.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Decreased pedal pulses:

Decreased pedal pulses are not typically associated with increased intracranial pressure. Instead, they may indicate peripheral vascular disease or reduced perfusion to the lower extremities. Monitoring peripheral pulses is important for assessing circulation but is not directly related to intracranial pressure changes.

B. Hypertension:

Hypertension can be a manifestation of increased intracranial pressure. The body may respond to elevated intracranial pressure by increasing blood pressure to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure. However, hypertension alone is not specific to increased ICP and can have various causes.

C. Peripheral edema:

Peripheral edema is not a typical manifestation of increased intracranial pressure. It may occur in conditions such as heart failure or renal dysfunction but is not directly related to intracranial pressure changes following a craniotomy.

D. Diarrhea:

Diarrhea is not a common manifestation of increased intracranial pressure. Increased ICP is more likely to manifest with symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, altered level of consciousness, and focal neurological deficits.

A. Extension of the extremities B. Pronation of the hands C. Plantar flexion of the legs D. External rotation of the lower extremities

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Extension of the extremities

Extension of the extremities is not consistent with decorticate posturing. Instead, it is more indicative of decerebrate posturing, where both the upper and lower extremities are typically extended.

B. Pronation of the hands

Pronation of the hands is not typically associated with decorticate posturing. In decorticate posturing, the hands are usually flexed with the wrists and fingers pointing towards the body.

C. Plantar flexion of the legs

Plantar flexion of the legs characteristic of decorticate posturing. Decorticate posturing mainly involves plantar flexion of the feet.

D. External rotation of the lower extremities

External rotation of the lower extremities is also not typically associated with decorticate posturing. In decorticate posturing, the lower extremities may exhibit extension or internal rotation, but external rotation is not a characteristic feature.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis and reports a tightening feeling around their torso. Which of the following conditions should the nurse recognize this finding indicates?

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

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