A nurse is providing teaching about potential complications to a client who has a spinal cord injury. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as a common complication of spinal cord injuries?
(Select All that Apply.)

Choice A Reason:

Memory loss is correct. Memory loss can occur in individuals with PML due to damage to the white matter of the brain caused by the JC virus infection. This damage can affect cognitive function, including memory.

Choice B Reason:

Clumsiness is correct. Clumsiness or lack of coordination is a common neurological symptom of PML. It can result from damage to areas of the brain responsible for motor function and coordination.

Choice C Reason:

Tardive dyskinesia is incorrect. Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, often involving the face, lips, tongue, and limbs. While tardive dyskinesia can occur as a side effect of certain medications, it is not typically associated with PML.

Choice D Reason:

Seizures is correct. Seizures can occur in individuals with PML due to the involvement of the brain's white matter by the JC virus infection. Seizures may present as sudden, uncontrolled movements, altered consciousness, or other neurological symptoms.

Choice E Reason:

Vision difficulty is correct. Vision difficulties, including blurred vision, visual field deficits, and other visual disturbances, are common manifestations of PML. Damage to the optic nerves or areas of the brain involved in visual processing can result in vision difficulties.

Choice A Reason:

Asthma flare-ups during exercise is correct . Exercise-induced asthma is a common feature of nonallergic asthma. Physical activity can trigger bronchoconstriction and asthma symptoms in individuals with this type of asthma.

Choice B Reason:

Nasal inflammation is incorrect. Nasal inflammation is not typically a characteristic feature of nonallergic asthma. While nasal symptoms such as congestion, rhinorrhea (runny nose), and sneezing are common in allergic asthma due to the involvement of allergic rhinitis (hay fever), they are not typically prominent in nonallergic asthma. Nonallergic asthma primarily affects the lower airways (bronchi and bronchioles) rather than the upper airways (nose and throat). Therefore, nasal inflammation is not commonly associated with nonallergic asthma.

Choice C Reason:

No hypersensitivity to allergens is correct. Unlike allergic asthma, where exposure to allergens triggers asthma symptoms, individuals with nonallergic asthma do not have a hypersensitivity to allergens.

Choice D Reason:

Asthma flare-ups with NSAID administration is correct. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen can trigger asthma symptoms in some individuals with nonallergic asthma.

Choice E Reason:

Persistence of manifestations is correct. Nonallergic asthma tends to have persistent symptoms even in the absence of allergen exposure. Symptoms may occur regularly and may not have a clear seasonal pattern like allergic asthma.

Choice F Reason:

Positive response to corticosteroids is correct. Corticosteroids are often effective in managing nonallergic asthma. Individuals with this type of asthma typically respond well to corticosteroid treatment as part of their asthma management plan.