A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following statements are true regarding physiological changes of the respiratory system in the aging adult client?

Choice A Reason:

Air cannot pass freely into the thoracic cavity through a chest wound is incorrect because air can indeed pass freely into the thoracic cavity through the chest wound in an open pneumothorax.

Choice B Reason:

The air is trapped when it enters the cavity is incorrect because the characteristic feature of an open pneumothorax is that air is not trapped; rather, it enters the thoracic cavity with each inhalation and exits with each exhalation through the chest wound.

Choice C Reason:

Air moves in and out of a wound in the chest wall is correct. In an open pneumothorax, also known as a "sucking chest wound," air can freely move in and out of the thoracic cavity through a wound in the chest wall. This occurs due to the creation of a communication pathway between the external environment and the pleural space, typically caused by a penetrating injury to the chest.

Choice D Reason:

There are no audible sounds in an open pneumothorax is incorrect because in an open pneumothorax, there may be audible sounds associated with the movement of air in and out of the wound, such as a sucking or bubbling sound, depending on the size and location of the wound. These sounds can be clinically significant and aid in the diagnosis of an open pneumothorax.

Choice A Reason:

Encouraging the client to walk regularly is appropriate. Regular exercise, including walking, can help improve mobility, balance, and overall physical function in individuals with Parkinson's disease. It can also help alleviate symptoms such as stiffness and tremors.

Choice B Reason:

Providing the client with fresh fruits and vegetables is appropriate. A healthy diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables provides essential nutrients, antioxidants, and fiber, which can support overall health and well-being. While diet alone does not directly treat Parkinson's disease, maintaining a nutritious diet is important for overall health.

Choice C Reason:

Restricting fluids to 800 mL/day is inappropriate. Fluid restriction is not typically indicated for individuals with Parkinson's disease unless they have a specific medical condition such as heart failure or kidney disease, which may require fluid restriction as part of their management plan. Restricting fluids excessively can lead to dehydration, which can worsen symptoms such as fatigue, confusion, and constipation, common in Parkinson's disease. Adequate hydration is important for overall health and well-being, including maintaining proper kidney function and preventing urinary tract infections, which individuals with Parkinson's disease may be susceptible to due to urinary retention issues.

Choice D Reason:

Minimizing exposure to outside activities is inappropriate. While it's important for individuals with Parkinson's disease to take precautions to avoid falls and injuries, completely restricting exposure to outside activities is not necessary or advisable. Physical activity, social engagement, and exposure to sunlight are beneficial for both physical and mental health. Encouraging individuals with Parkinson's disease to remain engaged in activities they enjoy, with appropriate safety measures in place, can help maintain their quality of life and overall well-being.

Choice E Reason:

Teaching the client how to use a walker is inappropriate. Assistive devices such as walkers can help individuals with Parkinson's disease maintain mobility and independence, especially if they experience gait disturbances or balance problems. Teaching the client how to use a walker safely and effectively can enhance their quality of life and reduce the risk of falls.