A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?

Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction.

Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter.

Bronchospasm occurs when there is Inflammation, edema, and excess mucus.

Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason:

Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction: This statement is incorrect. Bronchospasm does not decrease mucus production; instead, it primarily affects the smooth muscles surrounding the bronchioles, leading to their constriction and narrowing of the airways. Increased mucus production, often accompanied by inflammation, can contribute to airway obstruction in conditions like asthma.

Choice B Reason:

Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter: This statement is incorrect. Bronchospasm typically occurs in the setting of inflammation in conditions such as asthma. Constriction of the airways during bronchospasm exacerbates the inflammation and can further narrow the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing and dyspnea.

Choice C Reason:

Bronchospasm occurs when there is inflammation, edema, and excess mucus: This statement is partially correct. Bronchospasm often occurs in the presence of inflammation, edema, and excess mucus production, as seen in conditions like asthma. These factors contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness, leading to bronchospasm and airway narrowing.

Choice D Reason:

Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus: This statement is incorrect. Airway obstruction in conditions like asthma is primarily due to bronchospasm, inflammation, and excessive mucus production, rather than thinning mucus. Thinning of mucus would not typically contribute to airway obstruction.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Vasogenic cerebral edema is appropriate response. Vasogenic cerebral edema occurs due to disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to leakage of fluid and proteins from the blood vessels into the brain parenchyma. This type of cerebral edema is commonly associated with conditions such as brain tumors, abscesses, and ischemic stroke.

Choice B Reason:

Osmotic cerebral edema is inappropriate response. Osmotic cerebral edema occurs when there is an imbalance of osmotic forces across the blood-brain barrier, leading to the movement of water into the brain cells. This type of cerebral edema can result from conditions such as hyponatremia or the administration of hypertonic solutions.

Choice C Reason:

Cellular cerebral edema is inappropriate response. Cellular cerebral edema involves the swelling of brain cells (neurons and glial cells) due to various insults, such as ischemia, hypoxia, or metabolic disturbances. This type of cerebral edema can occur in conditions such as ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injury.

Choice D Reason:

Interstitial cerebral edema is incorrect response. Interstitial cerebral edema involves the accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces of the brain tissue. This type of cerebral edema can occur in conditions such as hydrocephalus, where there is obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow.

A. Bladder spasms B. Hypotension C. Delayed wound healing D. Hirsutism E. Hyperglycemia

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Bladder spasms are not commonly reported as adverse effects of methylprednisolone. However, bladder dysfunction can occur in individuals with multiple sclerosis due to the disease process itself, but it is not specifically related to corticosteroid therapy.

Choice B Reason:

Hypotension is not a common adverse effect of methylprednisolone. In fact, corticosteroids can often lead to fluid retention and sodium retention, which can contribute to hypertension rather than hypotension.

Choice C Reason:

Delayed wound healing is correct. Corticosteroids can impair the body's ability to heal wounds by suppressing the inflammatory response and collagen synthesis. Therefore, clients receiving methylprednisolone may experience delayed wound healing, which can be problematic, especially in individuals with pre-existing wounds or undergoing surgical procedures.

Choice D Reason:

Hirsutism (excessive hair growth, especially in women) can occur with long-term corticosteroid use due to the effect of steroids on hair follicles. It is a possible adverse effect of methylprednisolone.

Choice E Reason:

Hyperglycemia is correct. Corticosteroids can increase blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis, reducing glucose uptake by tissues, and inducing insulin resistance. Clients receiving methylprednisolone may develop hyperglycemia, which can be particularly concerning for individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing diabetes.

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A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a student about cerebral edema. The student nurse asks, "What type of cerebral edema is associated with a client who has a stroke?" Which of the following is the best response from the nurse?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is planning care for a client who has multiple sclerosis and is receiving methylprednisolone. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

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