A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?
Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction.
Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter.
Bronchospasm occurs when there is Inflammation, edema, and excess mucus.
Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A Reason:
Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction: This statement is incorrect. Bronchospasm does not decrease mucus production; instead, it primarily affects the smooth muscles surrounding the bronchioles, leading to their constriction and narrowing of the airways. Increased mucus production, often accompanied by inflammation, can contribute to airway obstruction in conditions like asthma.
Choice B Reason:
Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter: This statement is incorrect. Bronchospasm typically occurs in the setting of inflammation in conditions such as asthma. Constriction of the airways during bronchospasm exacerbates the inflammation and can further narrow the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing and dyspnea.
Choice C Reason:
Bronchospasm occurs when there is inflammation, edema, and excess mucus: This statement is partially correct. Bronchospasm often occurs in the presence of inflammation, edema, and excess mucus production, as seen in conditions like asthma. These factors contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness, leading to bronchospasm and airway narrowing.
Choice D Reason:
Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus: This statement is incorrect. Airway obstruction in conditions like asthma is primarily due to bronchospasm, inflammation, and excessive mucus production, rather than thinning mucus. Thinning of mucus would not typically contribute to airway obstruction.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Smoking tobacco is the primary and most significant risk factor for emphysema. Tobacco smoke contains harmful chemicals and toxins that directly damage the lungs. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke leads to inflammation and destruction of lung tissue, particularly the alveoli, contributing to the development of emphysema.
Choice B Reason:
Between 20 to 30 years of age. While smoking at any age is harmful to lung health, the risk of developing emphysema increases with prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke over many years. Emphysema is typically a disease of middle to older age, with symptoms often appearing after years of smoking.
Choice C Reason:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. While asthma and emphysema are both respiratory diseases, they have distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors. Asthma is not a direct cause of emphysema, although some individuals with poorly controlled asthma may develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema as one of its components.
Choice D Reason:
Pollution is not correct. Environmental pollution, including air pollution from industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and particulate matter, can contribute to respiratory problems and exacerbate pre-existing lung conditions. While exposure to pollution can worsen respiratory symptoms and lung function, it is not the primary cause of emphysema. However, long-term exposure to certain pollutants may increase the risk of developing respiratory diseases, including COPD, which encompasses emphysema.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Obtaining a hospital bed and keeping all four siderails up, may not be the best choice. While a hospital bed with siderails may be appropriate for some individuals with Parkinson's disease who are at high risk of falls, keeping all four siderails up continuously can potentially restrict mobility and independence. It's important to balance safety with the client's comfort and ability to move independently.
Choice B Reason:
Removing all throw rugs from the home is correct. Throw rugs can be tripping hazards, especially for individuals with mobility issues or balance problems. Removing throw rugs can reduce the risk of trips and falls within the home.
Choice C Reason:
Installing handrails in the bathroom is correct. Installing handrails in the bathroom, especially near the toilet and shower, can provide additional support and stability for individuals with Parkinson's disease when performing daily activities. This can help prevent falls in a potentially slippery environment.
Choice D Reason:
Ensuring adequate lighting along walking spaces is correct. Good lighting is crucial for individuals with Parkinson's disease to see obstacles and hazards clearly. Adequate lighting along walking spaces helps improve visibility and reduces the risk of falls, especially during nighttime or low-light conditions.
Choice E Reason:
Keeping walking areas free of clutter is correct. Clutter and obstacles in walking areas increase the risk of tripping and falling, particularly for individuals with Parkinson's disease who may have difficulty with balance and coordination. Keeping walking areas clear of clutter helps create a safer environment.
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