A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis about factors that can worsen their manifestations. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching?

Flying

Sunbathing

Working in an office

High altitude travel

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A Reason:

Flying itself is not typically considered a factor that worsens MS manifestations. However, factors related to flying, such as stress, fatigue, changes in routine, and potential exposure to infections, may contribute to symptom exacerbation in some individuals with MS.

Choice B Reason:

Sunbathing is appropriate. Exposure to excessive heat, such as sunbathing or prolonged exposure to hot weather, can lead to temporary worsening of MS symptoms, a phenomenon known as Uhthoff's phenomenon. Increased body temperature can temporarily impair nerve conduction in individuals with MS, resulting in exacerbation of symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, sensory disturbances, and cognitive impairment.

Choice C Reason:

Working in an office is inappropriate. Working in an office environment is not inherently associated with exacerbation of MS manifestations. However, factors such as stress, fatigue, poor ergonomic conditions, and limited mobility during prolonged periods of sitting may contribute to symptom exacerbation in some individuals with MS.

Choice D Reason:

High altitude travel is inappropriate. High altitude travel can exacerbate MS symptoms due to the decreased oxygen levels and potential changes in barometric pressure at high altitudes. Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) at high altitudes may exacerbate fatigue, weakness, and cognitive impairment in individuals with MS. Changes in barometric pressure can also trigger or worsen symptoms such as headaches, sensory disturbances, and balance problems in some individuals with MS.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Glatiramer acetate is incorrect because it is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) to reduce the frequency of relapses and delay disease progression. It is not indicated for spasm-induced incontinence.

Choice B Reason:

Dulaglutide is incorrect because it is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes by improving blood sugar control. It is not indicated for the treatment of spasm-induced incontinence.

Choice C Reason:

Montelukast sodium is incorrect because it is a leukotriene receptor antagonist primarily used to manage asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is not indicated for the treatment of spasm-induced incontinence.

Choice D Reason:

Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat overactive bladder and urinary incontinence, including spasm-induced incontinence that can occur in individuals with spinal cord injury. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the bladder, thereby reducing involuntary contractions that contribute to urinary urgency and incontinence.

A. Dyspnea is not commonly seen in other chronic conditions of the aging older adult. B. Aging is associated with decreased sensitivity to medications. C. Adverse reactions to medications in the aging older adult are lower. D. Physiological changes in the respiratory system can mimic the presence of airway obstruction.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Dyspnea is not commonly seen in other chronic conditions of the aging older adult: This statement is incorrect. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, can occur in various chronic conditions commonly seen in aging adults, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, and pulmonary fibrosis, among others. Dyspnea can be a symptom of respiratory or cardiovascular issues and is not exclusive to asthma.

Choice B Reason:

Aging is associated with decreased sensitivity to medications: This statement is generally incorrect. Aging can affect drug metabolism and clearance, leading to changes in medication sensitivity. Older adults may have altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which can increase their sensitivity to certain medications, particularly those with sedative or CNS depressant effects. This increased sensitivity can potentially increase the risk of adverse drug reactions.

Choice C Reason:

Adverse reactions to medications in the aging older adult are lower: This statement is incorrect. While some physiological changes associated with aging may decrease the risk of adverse drug reactions, such as decreased renal function and altered drug metabolism, older adults are still at risk for adverse drug reactions due to factors such as polypharmacy, drug interactions, and increased sensitivity to medications.

Choice D Reason:

Physiological changes in the respiratory system can mimic the presence of airway obstruction: This statement is true. Physiological changes in the aging respiratory system, such as decreased lung elasticity, increased chest wall stiffness, and reduced respiratory muscle strength, can mimic the symptoms of airway obstruction seen in conditions like asthma or COPD. These changes can lead to decreased lung function, reduced exercise tolerance, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis about factors that can worsen their manifestations. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with the plan of care for a client who has a spinal cord injury and spasm-induced incontinence. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate a prescription for?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following statements are true regarding physiological changes of the respiratory system in the aging adult client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department who has a preliminary diagnosis of a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Which of the following diagnostic testing should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe?

A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic respiratory acidosis due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect with this client?

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A nurse is caring for a client who was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The client is alert and oriented and reports a loss of consciousness immediately after the accident. Which of the following additional manifestations should the nurse assess the client for? (Select All that Apply.)

A client who has a history of migraines reports to a clinic with a throbbing headache. Which of the following questions should the nurse include in the assessment? (Select All that Apply.)

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