A nurse is caring for a client who reports continuing problems related to migraines. The nurse is assessing the psychosocial impact of migraines on the client. Which of the following questions should the nurse include in the assessment?
(Select All that Apply.)

Choice A Reason:

Photosensitivity is incorrect. Photosensitivity, or sensitivity to light, is not a common symptom of multiple sclerosis. While individuals with MS may experience visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or optic neuritis, sensitivity to light is not typically reported as a primary symptom.

Choice B Reason:

Memory issues is correct. Memory issues, including problems with short-term memory, concentration, and cognitive processing speed, are common neurological symptoms in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Cognitive impairment can affect various aspects of memory and cognitive function.

Choice C Reason:

Lhermitte's sign is correct. Lhermitte's sign is a classic neurological sign characterized by an electric shock-like sensation that radiates down the spine or into the limbs upon flexing the neck. It is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis, often associated with cervical spinal cord lesions.

Choice D Reason:

Seizures is incorrect. Seizures are not a typical symptom of multiple sclerosis. While individuals with MS may experience various neurological symptoms, seizures are not a common manifestation of the disease.

Choice E Reason:

Central vision loss is correct. Visual disturbances, including central vision loss, blurred vision, double vision, or optic neuritis, are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Optic neuritis, inflammation of the optic nerve, is a frequent manifestation of MS that can lead to temporary or permanent central vision loss.

Choice A Reason:

Epithelial cells is correct. Epithelial cells lining the airways play a role in initiating the inflammatory response in asthma by releasing cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. These cells can contribute to the circulatory surge of inflammatory cells and cytokines seen in status asthmaticus.

Choice B Reason:

OT lymphocytes is incorrect. There is no specific cell type known as "OT lymphocytes." It's possible this may refer to T lymphocytes (T cells), which are involved in the immune response in asthma but are not typically associated with a circulatory surge in status asthmaticus.

Choice C Reason:

Hyperreactivity is incorrect. Hyperreactivity refers to the exaggerated response of the airways to various stimuli, leading to bronchoconstriction and inflammation. While hyperreactivity is a characteristic feature of asthma, it does not directly contribute to a circulatory surge of inflammatory cells and cytokines.

Choice D Reason:

Mast cells is correct. Mast cells are key players in the pathophysiology of asthma. They release various inflammatory mediators, including histamine and leukotrienes, which contribute to airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production. Mast cells can participate in the circulatory surge of inflammatory cells and cytokines in status asthmaticus.

Choice E Reason:

Inflammation is correct. Inflammation is a hallmark feature of asthma and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of status asthmaticus. The inflammatory response involves the recruitment and activation of various inflammatory cells, release of cytokines, and other mediators that contribute to airway obstruction and systemic effects.