A nurse is preparing to administer morphine sulfate 2 mg IV bolus. Available is morphine sulfate 10 mg/mL How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

(Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

A. Pain: The client's flinching when the nurse palpates his abdomen suggests that he may be experiencing pain. Pain can cause behavioral changes in older adults, including withdrawal, decreased verbal communication, and altered facial expressions. The client's inability to verbally communicate but ability to nod and smile in response to questions further supports the possibility of pain affecting his behavior.
B. Confusion: While confusion could be a factor contributing to the client's behavior, the flinching in response to palpation of the abdomen indicates a physical discomfort that is more indicative of pain rather than solely confusion.
C. Language barrier: A language barrier might impede effective communication, but it does not directly explain the client's flinching in response to abdominal palpation. Additionally, the client's ability to nod and smile suggests some level of understanding and communication, albeit limited.
D. Difficulty hearing: Difficulty hearing could affect the client's ability to respond to verbal cues, but it does not explain the physical response of flinching when his abdomen is palpated. The client's non-verbal responses also indicate some level of hearing or understanding of communication.

A. Stop the enema and document that the client did not tolerate the procedure:
This option may be appropriate if the client's discomfort is severe or if there are signs of distress. However, abdominal cramps are a common sensation during the administration of an enema, especially if the bowel is distended or constipated. Therefore, stopping the procedure may not be necessary at this point.
B. Encourage the client to bear down:
Bearing down might help the client expel the enema solution and relieve some discomfort. However, if the client is already experiencing abdominal cramps, bearing down could exacerbate the discomfort and is not likely to provide immediate relief.
C. Lower the height of the solution container:
This is the correct action to take. Lowering the height of the solution container reduces the flow rate of the enema solution, which can help alleviate abdominal cramps by slowing the rate of distension of the bowel. Slowing the infusion rate allows the client's colon to accommodate to the enema more comfortably.
D. Allow the client to expel some fluid before continuing:
Allowing the client to expel some fluid before continuing may provide some relief, but it does not directly address the cause of the discomfort. Lowering the height of the solution container is a more appropriate action to address the discomfort caused by abdominal cramps during the administration of the enema.