A nurse is preparing to administer a 2 mg IV bolus of morphine sulfate. Morphine sulfate is available in a concentration of 10 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Choice A reason: A client who works in a child care center is not typically at risk for hepatitis C unless they are exposed to blood or bodily fluids from an infected individual. Hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact. While working in a child care center may increase the risk of exposure to various infections due to close contact with children, it is not a common route of transmission for hepatitis C.

Choice B reason: Eating raw shellfish is more commonly associated with hepatitis A and E, which are transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often due to contaminated food or water. Hepatitis C, however, is not typically transmitted through food or water. It is a bloodborne virus, and thus, eating raw shellfish would not be considered a high-risk activity for contracting hepatitis C.

Choice C reason: A client who has multiple tattoos is at risk for developing hepatitis C, particularly if the tattoos were done using non-sterile equipment or in an unregulated setting. The hepatitis C virus can be transmitted through the use of contaminated needles, which can occur in tattoo parlors that do not adhere to strict hygiene and sterilization practices. This is why choice C is the correct answer. While all the options presented could potentially involve some risk of infection, it is the client with multiple tattoos who is most at risk for hepatitis C, assuming the tattoos were obtained in a setting where infection control practices were not followed. It’s important for healthcare providers to assess each client’s individual risk factors and educate them on the ways to prevent hepatitis C, such as ensuring the use of sterile needles for tattoos and piercings.

Choice D reason: Traveling to an underdeveloped country may increase the risk of various infectious diseases, but hepatitis C is not commonly spread through casual contact or environmental factors. It requires blood-to-blood contact for transmission. Therefore, unless the client engaged in activities that involved such exposure, like receiving medical or dental procedures with non-sterile equipment, simply traveling to an underdeveloped country does not significantly increase the risk of contracting hepatitis C.

Choice A: Topical ointment Topical ointment forms of nitroglycerin are used for their long-acting effects. The medication is absorbed slowly through the skin, providing a steady level of drug in the bloodstream. This form is not designed for rapid relief of acute angina attacks but rather for prevention.

Choice B: Sustained-release Sustained-release forms of nitroglycerin are designed to release the medication slowly over an extended period. This route is also not suitable for treating acute symptoms because it does not provide immediate relief but is used for long-term management of angina pectoris. Nitroglycerin is a medication used primarily to treat angina pectoris (chest pain) and heart failure. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles and dilating the blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the heart and decreases its workload. The route of administration can significantly affect the onset and duration of the medication’s action.

Choice C: Sublingual The sublingual route, where the medication is placed under the tongue, allows for rapid absorption into the bloodstream through the rich supply of blood vessels found in the area. This form of nitroglycerin acts quickly, usually within 1 to 3 minutes, and is the preferred choice for immediate relief of angina pain. When rapid onset is required for relief from acute angina symptoms, the sublingual route is the most appropriate choice for administering nitroglycerin. It provides quick absorption and fast action, making it an essential treatment option for patients experiencing chest pain due to angina.

Choice D: Transdermal patch Transdermal patches release nitroglycerin slowly through the skin and into the bloodstream. Like topical ointments and sustained-release forms, they are used for long-term prophylaxis of angina and not for rapid relief.