A nurse is assessing clients in a health clinic for risk factors for contracting hepatitis. Which of the following clients is at risk for developing hepatitis C?
A client who works in a child care center
A client who eats raw shellfish
A client who has multiple tattoos
A client who has recently traveled to an underdeveloped country
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: A client who works in a child care center is not typically at risk for hepatitis C unless they are exposed to blood or bodily fluids from an infected individual. Hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact. While working in a child care center may increase the risk of exposure to various infections due to close contact with children, it is not a common route of transmission for hepatitis C.
Choice B reason: Eating raw shellfish is more commonly associated with hepatitis A and E, which are transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often due to contaminated food or water. Hepatitis C, however, is not typically transmitted through food or water. It is a bloodborne virus, and thus, eating raw shellfish would not be considered a high-risk activity for contracting hepatitis C.
Choice C reason: A client who has multiple tattoos is at risk for developing hepatitis C, particularly if the tattoos were done using non-sterile equipment or in an unregulated setting. The hepatitis C virus can be transmitted through the use of contaminated needles, which can occur in tattoo parlors that do not adhere to strict hygiene and sterilization practices. This is why choice C is the correct answer. While all the options presented could potentially involve some risk of infection, it is the client with multiple tattoos who is most at risk for hepatitis C, assuming the tattoos were obtained in a setting where infection control practices were not followed. It’s important for healthcare providers to assess each client’s individual risk factors and educate them on the ways to prevent hepatitis C, such as ensuring the use of sterile needles for tattoos and piercings.
Choice D reason: Traveling to an underdeveloped country may increase the risk of various infectious diseases, but hepatitis C is not commonly spread through casual contact or environmental factors. It requires blood-to-blood contact for transmission. Therefore, unless the client engaged in activities that involved such exposure, like receiving medical or dental procedures with non-sterile equipment, simply traveling to an underdeveloped country does not significantly increase the risk of contracting hepatitis C.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["0.2"]
Explanation
- Step 1: Identify the required dose in milligrams (mg). The nurse is scheduled to administer 2 mg of morphine sulfate.
- Step 2: Identify the concentration of the available solution. The available solution contains 10 mg of morphine sulfate per 1 mL.
- Step 3: Calculate the volume of solution needed to deliver the required dose. We can set up a proportion to solve for this:
- 10 mg is to 1 mL as 2 mg is to X mL.
- In other words, 10 mg : 1 mL = 2 mg : X mL.
- Step 4: Solve for X using cross-multiplication and division:
- Cross-multiplication gives us: 10 mg × X mL = 2 mg × 1 mL.
- Simplifying this gives us: 10X = 2.
- Dividing both sides by 10 gives us: X = 2 ÷ 10.
- Calculating the division gives us: X = 0.2.
So, the nurse should administer 0.2 mL of the morphine sulfate solution per dose.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Anorexia, or loss of appetite, is not typically a direct manifestation of left-sided heart failure. While it can be associated with many medical conditions and may occur in the context of heart failure due to overall decreased well-being, it is not a specific indicator of left-sided heart failure.
Choice B reason: Weight gain can be associated with heart failure, but it is more commonly a sign of right-sided heart failure, where fluid accumulates in the body tissues, causing swelling and weight increase. In left-sided heart failure, weight gain is not as prominent because the primary issue is the backup of blood into the lungs, not fluid retention in the tissues.
Choice C reason: A distended abdomen can occur in heart failure due to fluid accumulation; however, it is more characteristic of right-sided heart failure, where the failure of the right ventricle leads to systemic congestion, including the abdominal area. In left-sided heart failure, the primary effect is on the lungs, not the abdomen.
Choice D reason: Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a hallmark symptom of left-sided heart failure. It occurs due to the backup of blood in the pulmonary circulation, which leads to pulmonary congestion and reduced oxygen exchange. Patients may experience shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying flat (orthopnea), and may wake up at night with shortness of breath (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea).
Left-sided heart failure, often caused by conditions like valvular heart disease, leads to a decrease in the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively. This results in a buildup of pressure in the lungs, manifesting as dyspnea, which is an important symptom for nurses and other healthcare providers to recognize and manage promptly.
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